History of Evolutionary Thought exam Flashcards

Naturalist who formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection based on observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle.

Naturalist who independently formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection based on his studies in the Malay Archipelago.

The idea that geological processes today are the same as those in the past, introduced by James Hutton.

He studied fossils and argued that the fossil record shows extinct organisms, indicating that life today is different from the past.

A book by Charles Lyell that popularized modern geological thinking and influenced Charles Darwin.

Darwin observed unique species adaptations on the Galapagos Islands, which helped him formulate his theory of evolution by natural selection.

A theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck suggesting that traits developed during an organism's lifetime can be inherited by offspring.

Lamarck proposed that traits can become more or less developed in an organism's lifetime due to use or disuse.

The ship on which Charles Darwin made his voyage, leading to his observations that contributed to his theory of evolution.

Lyell's book 'Principles of Geology' influenced Darwin's understanding of geological processes and the age of the Earth.

A boundary line identified by Alfred Russel Wallace that separates the ecozones of Asia and Australia.

Species evolve over time through natural selection, influenced by environmental pressures and genetic variation.

Geologist who introduced the idea of uniformitarianism, suggesting that geological processes are slow and the Earth is very old.

Darwin experienced a large earthquake in Chile, observing how it changed the land, supporting the idea of slow geological processes.

Considered the father of modern paleontology, he studied fossils and argued that they show extinct organisms.

It was hugely influential in both the popular and scientific communities, solidifying the theory of evolution by natural selection.

French naturalist who proposed the inheritance of acquired traits, a theory later proven incorrect.

They concluded that species distribution is influenced by environmental pressures and genetic variation, leading to evolution.

Geologist who modernized geological thinking and influenced Darwin with his book 'Principles of Geology'.

Wallace observed species distribution and identified the Wallace Line, noting differences between species from Asia and Australia.

The process by which species evolve over time due to environmental pressures and genetic variation.

Erasmus Darwin was a famous physician and poet who wrote his own ideas about evolution, influencing Charles Darwin.

An organism studied by both Georges Cuvier and Charles Darwin, providing evidence of extinct species.

They revealed unique species adaptations, supporting the idea of evolution by natural selection.

Different species of birds observed by Darwin in the Galapagos Islands, which helped him develop his theory of evolution.

The voyage provided Darwin with crucial observations and evidence that led to his formulation of the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Factors in the environment that influence the process of natural selection and evolution.

They published their ideas on evolution by natural selection together, recognizing their independent but similar conclusions.