Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing quiz Flashcards

The 5' cap and poly-A tail facilitate the export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, protect mRNA from degradation, and help ribosomes attach for translation.

Introns are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA splicing, while exons are coding regions that are reconnected and expressed.

The spliceosome is a large complex of RNA and protein that removes introns and splices together exons in pre-mRNA.

Alternative RNA splicing allows a single gene to be spliced in different ways, producing multiple protein products with different functions.

mRNA codons are sequences of three nucleotides that code for specific amino acids, while tRNA anticodons are complementary sequences that pair with mRNA codons during translation.

rRNA forms part of the structure of ribosomes, which are essential for the translation process.

The 5' cap, a modified guanine nucleotide, is crucial for mRNA stability, export from the nucleus, and ribosome attachment.

The poly-A tail, a sequence of adenine nucleotides, protects mRNA from degradation and aids in its export and translation.

The three major types are messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Introns are removed as they do not code for proteins, while exons are reconnected and translated into proteins.

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and pairs its anticodons with mRNA codons to ensure correct amino acid sequence in proteins.

RNA splicing removes introns and reconnects exons to produce a mature mRNA molecule ready for translation.

They protect mRNA from enzymatic degradation, ensuring its stability and longevity in the cytoplasm.

The spliceosome identifies specific sequences at the intron-exon boundaries and excises the introns, splicing the exons together.

Codons are three-nucleotide sequences in mRNA that specify which amino acids will be added during protein synthesis.