3. Water

Which of the following reactions is most consistent with that of a base?

a) NH₄⁺ → NH₃ + H⁺

b) H₂CO₃ → HCO₃^- + H⁺

c) NaOH → Na⁺ + OH^-

d) HCl → H⁺ + Cl^-

The addition of an acid like HCl to an aqueous solution (pure water) would result in:

a) An increase in pH only.

b) Both the release of H⁺ and an increase in pH.

c) Both the release of H⁺ and a decrease in pH.

d) The release of H⁺ into the solution only.

e) A decrease in pH only.

In what way(s) do bases work to increase the pH of a solution?

a) Increasing the concentration of hydroxide ions.

b) Decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions.

c) Decreasing the concentration of hydroxide ions.

d) Increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions.

e) Both a & b.

f) Both c & d.