36. Plant Reproduction

A fruit is a. a mature ovary. b. a mature ovule. c. a seed plus its integuments. d. an enlarged embryo sac.

Which of the following does not occur during embryogenesis? a. formation of the radial axis b. production of the suspensor c. formation of the cotyledons and hypocotyl d. formation of the leaf lateral and proximal–distal axes

When does the apical–basal axis first become apparent? a. when the epidermal, ground, and vascular tissues form b. when the cotyledons, hypocotyl, and root form c. when the first cell division produces the apical cell and basal cell d. during the globular stage, when the suspensor is complete

Why is the emergence of the radicle an important first step in germination? a. Its hook helps protect the shoot that emerges later. b. It carries out photosynthesis to supply the embryo with food. c. It is important for establishing a supply of water to the growing embryo.= d. It is necessary to break the seed coat.

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually fruits formed from the separate carpels of a single flower. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is a. a simple fruit with many seeds. b. both a multiple fruit and an accessory fruit. c. both a simple fruit and an aggregate fruit. d. both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit.

In what sense are the tissues produced in the shoot and root apical meristems of a 300-year-old oak tree 'embryonic'?

Predict how a mutation that caused continuous production of active p53 would affect the cell.

Consider the following fruits: an acorn, a cherry, a burr, and a dandelion seed. Based on the structure of each of these fruits, predict how the seed is dispersed. Design a study that would estimate the average distance that each type of seed is dispersed from the parent plant.

One hypothesis for differences between humans and chimpanzees involves differences in gene regulation. A study using RNA-seq showed that the overall patterns of gene expression were similar in the liver and blood of the two species, but the expression patterns were strikingly different in the brain. How do these results relate to the hypothesis?