29. Fungi

Fungi are __________ organisms.

__________ fungi absorb nutrients from living organisms.

There is a fungus in Oregon that covers 890,965 hectares! The bulk of this fungus is most likely _____.

In fungi, the function of the mycelium is _____.

Fungi that consist of a continuous mass containing hundreds or thousands of nuclei are known as _____.

Parasitic fungi possess hyphae that are modified to penetrate and absorb nutrients from host tissue. Such modified hyphae are called _____.

You can buy mycorrhizal fungus to add to soil when you plant trees and other plants. Why would you want to do this?

The cell walls of fungal cells are composed of _____.

Hyphae with two nuclei per cell are called _____.

Molecular evidence suggests that fungi _____.

Evidence that mycorrhizae, the mutualistic relationship between plants and fungi, existed from the beginning of the colonization of land comes from _____.

What is the major feature of glomeromycetes?

While hiking through a forest, you discover a fungus growing on the remains of a decaying tree trunk. You hypothesize that it is a basidiomycete fungus because it resembles a mushroom in shape and size. If your logic is correct, microscopic analysis of the tissue found in the stalk of this fungus will reveal the presence of _____.

Fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota are the most important decomposers of wood because of their ability to break down _____.

Lichens are _____.

An ascus is _____.

A dramatic example of the pathogenicity of certain fungi is the dramatic decrease of the American chestnut tree by _____.

Two of the most common mycoses (fungal infections) in humans are _____.

Comparisons of ribosomal RNA among many different modern species indicate that                   . a. there are two very divergent groups of prokaryotes; b. the Protista represents a conglomeration of very unrelated forms; c. fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants; d. A and B are correct; e. A, B, and C are correct

SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY • INTERPRET THE DATA The grass Dichanthelium lanuginosum lives in hot soils and houses fungi of the genus Curvularia as endophytes. Researchers tested the impact of Curvularia on the heat tolerance of this grass. They grew plants without (E−) and with (E+) Curvularia endophytes at different temperatures and measured plant mass and the number of new shoots the plants produced. Draw a bar graph for plant mass versus temperature and interpret it.

Fungi feed by                   . a. producing their own food with the help of sunlight; b. chasing and capturing other living organisms; c. growing on their food source and secreting chemicals to break it down; d. filtering bacteria out of their surroundings; e. producing spores

Under a microscope, a piece of a mushroom would look most like a. jelly. b. a tangle of string. c. grains of sugar or salt. d. foam.

Which of the following groups is made up exclusively of fungi that form symbioses with plant roots? a. ascomycetes b. basidiomycetes c. glomeromycetes d. zygomycetes

Many mushrooms are extremely colorful. One hypothesis is that the colors serve as a warning to prevent animals from eating mushrooms, much like the bright yellow and black stripes on wasps help to deter potential predators. Design an experiment to test this hypothesis.

What characters support the classification of fungi and plants in different kingdoms?