22. Evolution of Populations

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

22. Evolution of Populations

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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06:29

Introduction to Hardy-Weinberg

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle Example 1

Predicting Allele or Genotype Frequencies Using Hardy-Weinberg

A. Calculating Genotype Frequency from Allele Frequency

B. Calculating Allele Frequency from a Genotype Frequency

C. Calculating Allele Frequency from Phenotype Frequency

Testing if a Population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

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00:55

BioFlix: Allele Frequencies

The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow

Professor Dave Explains

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Mechanisms of Natural Selection Part 1: Types of Sexual Selection

01:27

Mechanisms of Natural Selection Part 1: Types of Sexual Selection

Professor Dave Explains

Solving Hardy Weinberg Problems

Hardy Weinberg Equation and Equilibrium

Tangerine Education

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Multiple Choice

In the context of populations, how do we define evolution?

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Multiple Choice

Allele frequencies can be altered by __________.

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p² represents __________.

In a large population of bonobos, the frequency of the recessive allele is initially 0.1. There is no migration and no selection. What is the frequency of the dominant allele? Assume that there are two alleles of this gene.

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Multiple Choice

In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1% of the individuals in a population show the recessive trait of a certain characteristic. In this situation, what is the value of p?

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Multiple Choice

In the equation for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1 represents __________.

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Multiple Choice

Approximately 1 out of every 2,500 Caucasians in the United States is born with the recessive disease cystic fibrosis. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, approximately what percentage of people are carriers?

In a certain group of African people, 4% are born with sickle-cell disease (homozygous recessive). If this group is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of the group has the selective advantage of being more resistant to malaria (heterozygous) than those individuals who are homozygous for normal hemoglobin or for sickle-cell disease?

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Multiple Choice

Assume a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with these genotypic frequencies: AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.50, and aa = 0.25. If you remove all the homozygous dominants and allow the remaining population to reproduce (again under Hardy-Weinberg conditions), what will be the frequency of homozygous dominants in the next generation?

Which of the following sets of conditions is required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

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Multiple Choice

How does natural selection fashion organisms?

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Multiple Choice

Consider a gene that exists in two allelic forms in a simple Mendelian dominant/recessive pair. In a large population of randomly breeding organisms, the frequency of a recessive allele is initially 0.3. There is no migration and no selection. Humans enter this ecosystem and selectively hunt individuals showing the dominant trait. When the gene frequency is reexamined at the end of the year, __________.

In a population with two alleles, B and b, the allele frequency of b is 0.4. B is dominant to b. What is the frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? a. 0.16 b. 0.36 c. 0.48 d. 0.84

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Textbook Question

Determine what is incorrect in the following statement: Red deer mutated their genes so that they could have larger antlers to compete for mates.

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Textbook Question

In humans, albinism is caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in the synthesis of melanin, the dark pigment in skin. Only people homozygous for a loss-of-function allele (genotype aa) have the albino phenotype. In Americans of northern European ancestry, albino individuals are present at a frequency of about 1 in 10,000 (or 0.0001). Assuming that genotypes are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the predicted frequency of Caucasians in the United States who carry a single allele for albinism?

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Textbook Question

Sickle-cell disease is caused by a recessive allele. Roughly one out of every 400 African Americans (0.25%) is afflicted with sickle-cell disease. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate the percentage of African Americans who are carriers of the sickle-cell allele. (Hint: q2 = 0.0025.)

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does the term 2pq represent?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about the Hardy-Weinberg equation are true?

I) For a gene with two alleles, q² represents the frequency of one of the homozygotes.

II) If p and q both equal 0.5, you expect 50% of the population to be heterozygous.

III) The p² and q² terms will be equal as they both represent the probability of being a homozygote.

Multiple Choice

Imagine a population of cats where one gene codes for eye color. The E allele codes for yellow eyes and is dominant. The e allele codes for green eyes and is recessive. The frequency of the E allele is 0.6, and the frequency of the e allele is 0.4. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percent of the population will have green eyes?

Multiple Choice

Sickle cell anemia is a recessive trait. In Nigeria, it is estimated that 2.4% of the population is born with sickle cell anemia. Heterozygotes for the sickle cell allele are said to have the sickle cell trait and have few sickle cell symptoms. Assuming that the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium for the sickle cell gene, what percentage of the population would you expect to have the sickle cell trait?

Multiple Choice

PTC is a chemical that elicits a bitter taste response in some people. The ability to taste PTC depends on the presence of the PTC-tasting allele. Individuals with at least one copy of the PTC-tasting allele taste PTC as bitter. It is estimated that about 70% of the population taste PTC. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this trait, what percent of the population would you expect to be heterozygous for this trait?

Multiple Choice

In a population of glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium munozorum) you collect 200 individuals. Of those, you determine that 160 are homozygous for the H allele, 10 are homozygous for the h allele, and 30 are heterozygous. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? If not, why not?

Multiple Choice

Jorge and Claire are given the following data on fur density in red pandas at zoos in the United States. Is the following population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

160 homozygous for the F allele, 137 heterozygotes, and 29 homozygous for the f allele.

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22. Evolution of Populations

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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