22. Evolution of Populations

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Multiple Choice
In a large population of bonobos, the frequency of the recessive allele is initially 0.1. There is no migration and no selection. What is the frequency of the dominant allele? Assume that there are two alleles of this gene.
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Multiple Choice
In the context of populations, how do we define evolution?
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Multiple Choice
Allele frequencies can be altered by __________.
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Multiple Choice
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p² represents __________.
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Multiple Choice
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1% of the individuals in a population show the recessive trait of a certain characteristic. In this situation, what is the value of p?
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Multiple Choice
In the equation for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1 represents __________.
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Multiple Choice
Approximately 1 out of every 2,500 Caucasians in the United States is born with the recessive disease cystic fibrosis. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation, approximately what percentage of people are carriers?
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Multiple Choice
In a certain group of African people, 4% are born with sickle-cell disease (homozygous recessive). If this group is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of the group has the selective advantage of being more resistant to malaria (heterozygous) than those individuals who are homozygous for normal hemoglobin or for sickle-cell disease?
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Multiple Choice
Assume a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with these genotypic frequencies: AA = 0.25, Aa = 0.50, and aa = 0.25. If you remove all the homozygous dominants and allow the remaining population to reproduce (again under Hardy-Weinberg conditions), what will be the frequency of homozygous dominants in the next generation?
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following sets of conditions is required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
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Multiple Choice
How does natural selection fashion organisms?
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Multiple Choice
Consider a gene that exists in two allelic forms in a simple Mendelian dominant/recessive pair. In a large population of randomly breeding organisms, the frequency of a recessive allele is initially 0.3. There is no migration and no selection. Humans enter this ecosystem and selectively hunt individuals showing the dominant trait. When the gene frequency is reexamined at the end of the year, __________.
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Multiple Choice
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does the term 2pq represent?
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Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about the Hardy-Weinberg equation are true?

I) For a gene with two alleles, q² represents the frequency of one of the homozygotes.
II) If p and q both equal 0.5, you expect 50% of the population to be heterozygous.
III) The p² and q² terms will be equal as they both represent the probability of being a homozygote.
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Multiple Choice
Imagine a population of cats where one gene codes for eye color. The E allele codes for yellow eyes and is dominant. The e allele codes for green eyes and is recessive. The frequency of the E allele is 0.6, and the frequency of the e allele is 0.4. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percent of the population will have green eyes?

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