44. Animal Reproduction

In general, what is the ploidy (n) state of human cells?

Which of the following statements about parthenogenesis is correct?

A hermaphrodite is an animal that __________.

Which of the following is not a form of asexual reproduction?

Which reproductive method is universal among mammals?

In which of the following pairs are the terms mismatched?

Individuals clustered in the same area that release their gametes into the water at the same time are engaging in which of the following?

Some insect females are able to store sperm in __________ until environmental conditions are favorable for the development of their offspring.

An ovarian follicle undergoes several changes during the human female's menstrual cycle. Which of the following sequences is correct, beginning with the oocyte?

Immediately after ovulation into the coelom, an egg is collected into the __________.

How do egg cells enter the oviduct after ovulation?

Vestibular glands __________.

Where do developing sperm cells undergo meiosis?

The __________ is/are the site of testosterone production in the testis.

What is the final stage of labor?

A vasectomy is an effective technique for birth control in males because it __________.

If a woman wants to become pregnant, what is the optimal day on which to have sexual intercourse?

Pregnancy tests detect a hormone in a woman's urine that is present only when an embryo is developing in her uterus. This hormone is secreted by __________.

Through which of the following does a human sperm cell not have to pass in order to fertilize an egg?

A large number of hormones function in the human menstrual cycle, but only two of them are called female sex hormones. These are __________.

What is the source of the hormones that, when suddenly absent, are directly responsible for the onset of menstruation?

After the menstrual period, which of the following hormones is the first to increase significantly every 28 days or so, initiating the ovarian cycle?

Concentrations of which hormone stimulate the hypothalamus to increase or decrease hormones that stimulate sperm production in the testes?

After ovulation occurs, the empty follicle __________.

In many mammals, the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity within the scrotum because __________.

Which part of the male reproductive tract stores sperm as they mature?

Which structure is part of the excretory and reproductive systems in males?

Sperm cells have several components; the function of the acrosome is to __________.

Which part of the human sperm carries a haploid set of chromosomes?

In mammals, meiosis to produce the female egg cell is initiated in the __________.

From a single primary oocyte, oogenesis in a mammal will produce __________.

In spermatogenesis, each primary spermatocyte gives rise to __________sperm.

At what point does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis?

Which of the following statements about luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female reproductive system is correct?

Compared to polar bodies, the amount of cytoplasm found in an animal egg cell is __________.

Which of the following choices correctly lists the four phases of the sexual response cycle in their proper sequence?

In males, FSH __________.

Which of the following statements about oogenesis and spermatogenesis is correct?

Menstruation results in the discharge of __________.

This graph plots the rise and fall of pituitary and ovarian hormones during the human ovarian cycle. Identify each hormone (A–D) and the reproductive events with which each one is associated (P–S). For A–D, choose from estrogen, LH, FSH, and progesterone. For P–S, choose from ovulation, growth of follicle, menstruation, and development of corpus luteum. How would the right-hand side of this graph be altered if pregnancy occurred? What other hormone is responsible for triggering this change?

Match each function with the correct structure. 2. Turns into the corpus luteum 3. Female gonad 4. Site of spermatogenesis 5. Site of fertilization in humans 6. Site of human gestation 7. Sperm duct 8. Secretes seminal fluid 9. Lining of uterus a. vas deferens b. prostate gland c. endometrium d. testis e. follicle f. uterus g. ovary h. oviduct

Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates female internal reproductive organs.

What happens to the egg cell and the remains of the tissue it developed in at ovulation?

Which of the following is not properly paired? a. seminiferous tubule—cervix b. vas deferens—oviduct c. testosterone—estradiol d. scrotum—labia majora

A sperm cell follows which path? a. seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra; b. urethra, vas deferens, seminiferous tubules, epididymis; c. seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra; d. epididymis, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, urethra; e. epididymis, vas deferens, seminiferous tubules, urethra

An egg cell that is not fertilized follows which path? a. ovary, oviduct, uterus, cervix; b. ovary, uterus, oviduct, cervix; c. oviduct, ovary, cervix, uterus; d. oviduct, ovary, uterus, cervix; e. ovary, oviduct, cervix, uterus

Which of the following is mismatched? a. urethra: sperm passage; b. testes: hormone production; c. vas deferens: semen production; d. seminiferous tubules: sperm production

The production of gametes                   . a. begins at puberty in males and females; b. requires that the testes of males produce semen; c. results in the production of diploid cells from haploid cells; d. begins at puberty in females; e. produces sperm and eggs that carry half the number of chromosomes as nongametes

Which statement about human reproduction is false? a. Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. b. Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures. c. An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. d. The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

After a sperm penetrates an egg, it is important that the vitelline layer separate from the egg so that it can a. secrete important hormones. b. enable the fertilized egg to implant in the uterus. c. prevent more than one sperm from entering the egg. d. attract additional sperm to the egg.

How does a zygote differ from a mature egg? a. A zygote has more chromosomes. b. A zygote is smaller. c. A zygote consists of more than one cell. d. A zygote divides by meiosis.

A woman had several miscarriages. Her doctor suspected that a hormonal insufficiency was causing the lining of the uterus to break down, as it does during menstruation, terminating her pregnancies. Treatment with which of the following might help her remain pregnant? a. oxytocin b. follicle-stimulating hormone c. luteinizing hormone d. prolactin

The embryos of reptiles (including birds) and mammals have systems of extraembryonic membranes. What are the functions of these membranes, and how do fish and frog embryos survive without them?

Compare sperm formation with egg formation. In what ways are the processes similar? In what ways are they different?