Carbon dioxide functions as a greenhouse gas by         . a. interfering with water's ability to absorb heat; b. increasing the random molecular motions of oxygen; c. allowing radiation from the sun to reach Earth and absorbing the re-radiated heat; d. splitting into carbon and oxygen and increasing the rate of cellular respiration

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the role of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat in the atmosphere and help maintain Earth's temperature.
2. Understand the process of solar radiation and Earth's re-radiation. The sun emits radiation that reaches Earth, and Earth absorbs some of this energy and re-radiates it as heat.
3. Analyze the options given in the question to determine which one correctly describes how carbon dioxide functions as a greenhouse gas.
4. Consider the mechanism by which carbon dioxide traps heat. It does not interfere with water's heat absorption, nor does it increase molecular motions of oxygen or split into carbon and oxygen.
5. Conclude that the correct answer involves carbon dioxide allowing solar radiation to reach Earth and then absorbing the heat that is re-radiated by Earth.

Key Concepts

Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is a natural process where certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, preventing it from escaping back into space. This process is essential for maintaining the planet's temperature, allowing it to support life. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation, contributing to this warming effect.

Role of Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant greenhouse gas that plays a crucial role in the greenhouse effect. It allows sunlight to enter the atmosphere but traps some of the heat that is re-radiated from the Earth's surface. This property makes CO2 vital for regulating the Earth's climate, but excessive concentrations can lead to global warming.

Radiative Forcing

Radiative forcing refers to the change in energy balance in the Earth's atmosphere due to factors like greenhouse gas concentrations. Positive radiative forcing, caused by increased greenhouse gases, leads to warming, while negative forcing can lead to cooling. Understanding radiative forcing is essential for assessing the impact of human activities on climate change.