In this video, we're going to introduce 2 different types of small non-coding RNAs. And so again, there are 2 classes of RNAs that are involved in RNAi or RNA interference. And so the first class is going to be the microRNAs, and the second class are going to be the small interfering RNAs or, for short, the siRNAs. And so both types of RNA, the microRNAs and the small interfering RNAs are going to bind to a target mRNA by complementary base pairing and it's going to turn off the expression of a gene, through RNA interference. So both microRNAs and small interfering RNAs will turn off the expression of a gene. And so what is the difference between the two? Well, the only difference between microRNAs and siRNAs is the structure of their precursor form. And so microRNAs have a single-stranded precursor, and siRNAs have a double-stranded precursor. And so we can take a look at this, in our image down below. And so notice in this example, we're showing you RNA interference by 2 types of small non-coding RNAs, the microRNAs and the siRNAs. And so once again, over here on the far left, we have our miniature version of the map of our lesson, and, notice that, RNA interference is really taking place here with mRNA degradation, which is going to occur in the cytoplasm, but it also is going to block translation as well, and so it is a type of translational regulation as well here. And so, over here on the left-hand side, notice that we're focusing on the microRNAs. The microRNAs are going to have a single-stranded precursor, and so this is the precursor for microRNA. And then the microRNA is going to complementary bind to the mRNA itself, and it is going to block, transcription or I'm sorry. It's going to block, the next step, either mark the molecule for degradation or block the ribosome from binding and block translation. And so it is a way of turning off the gene. Now over here on the right-hand side, we're focusing on the siRNAs, the small interfering RNAs, and they have a double-stranded precursor. And so notice that up above, we're showing you a double-stranded precursor molecule. And so, ultimately, it will be, converted into a single-stranded siRNA, and it's going to be very, very similar, under both conditions. They both are going to be complementary binding to the mRNA. And again, it can either mark the mRNA for degradation or it can block the ribosome from translating. And so in either case, it is going to be interfering with the RNA. It is a type of RNA interference, and it will be turning off the gene. And so really, the main learning objective here is that the microRNAs are going to have single-stranded precursors whereas the siRNAs are going to have double-stranded precursors. But other than that, they're going to be very, very similar in their functions. And so this here concludes our introduction to the different types of small non-coding RNAs, and we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward in our course. So I'll see you all in our next video.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Biology2h 40m
- 2. Chemistry3h 40m
- 3. Water1h 26m
- 4. Biomolecules2h 23m
- 5. Cell Components2h 26m
- 6. The Membrane2h 31m
- 7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
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- 10. Cell Signaling59m
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- Introduction to Mendel's Experiments7m
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- Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression13m
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- The Lac Operon21m
- Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon25m
- The Trp Operon20m
- Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon11m
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation9m
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications16m
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control22m
- Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation28m
- Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation13m
- 17. Viruses37m
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- 42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
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- 44. Animal Reproduction2m
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- 48. Ecology3h 11m
- Introduction to Ecology20m
- Biogeography14m
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- Terrestrial Biomes: Northern Regions15m
- Introduction to Aquatic Biomes27m
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- Marine Aquatic Biomes13m
- 49. Animal Behavior28m
- 50. Population Ecology3h 41m
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- Factors Limiting Population Growth14m
- Introduction to Population Growth Models22m
- Linear Population Growth6m
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- Logistic Population Growth32m
- r/K Selection10m
- The Human Population22m
- 51. Community Ecology2h 46m
- Introduction to Community Ecology2m
- Introduction to Community Interactions9m
- Community Interactions: Competition (-/-)38m
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- Community Interactions: Mutualism (+/+) & Commensalism (+/0)9m
- Community Structure35m
- Community Dynamics26m
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- 52. Ecosystems2h 36m
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16. Regulation of Expression
Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation
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