In this video, we're going to begin our lesson on mitochondria and chloroplasts. But we're going to start focusing only on the mitochondria, and then later in our course in a different video we'll talk about the chloroplasts. And so if you've ever taken a biology course before in the past, then you probably know that mitochondria, they are the powerhouse of the cell, and this is because mitochondria are organelles that synthesize lots and lots and lots of energy for the cell. And so that's why they call it the powerhouse of the cell because it provides the energy that the cell needs. Now the energy that the mitochondria provide for the cell is in the form of a molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate or for short, ATP. And so Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP is a high-energy molecule that is used to power cellular reactions. And so if the cell has a lot of ATP, then the cell has a lot of energy to power its cellular reactions. But on the other hand, if the cell has a little bit of ATP then the cell only has a little bit of energy to power its cellular reactions. And so ATP is really the energy for the cell. Now, mitochondria perform a process that's called cellular respiration. And so cellular respiration is just the name of the mitochondrial process that breaks down food sources like sugars and lipids in order to make lots and lots and lots of ATP or in order to make lots and lots and lots of energy for the cell. And so later in our course in a different video, we'll talk a lot more details about cellular respiration. But here in this video you should just know that mitochondria perform cellular respiration in order to break down food sources and make lots and lots of ATP or energy for the cell. And so if we take a look at our image over here on the left-hand side, notice that we're zooming in here to a eukaryotic cell, and here we're focusing on a specific organelle, the mitochondria. And the mitochondria functions specifically as the powerhouse of the cell, and that's because it provides lots and lots and lots of ATP or energy for the cell. And so, the energy that's being provided is ATP, which can be abbreviated, and shown like this. But really, Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP is a molecule that can also be shown, in this form right here, where, again, the t, here in adenosine triphosphate stands for tri, and tri means 3, which means that it has 3 phosphate groups. And so you can see the 3 phosphate groups down below here in our image. And so the rest of this here, is going to be a sugar, and this part up here is going to be a nitrogenous base of adenine. And so that means that ATP, is a nucleotide, which we covered nucleotides when we talked about nucleic acids in some of our previous lesson videos. But once again, the main takeaway here is that mitochondria, they are the powerhouse of the cell, providing lots and lots of energy for the cell in the form of ATP, and cellular respiration is the name of the process that makes ATP for the cell. And so this here concludes our introduction to the mitochondria. In our next video, we'll be able to talk about the components and the structure of the mitochondria itself. So I'll see you all there.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Biology2h 40m
- 2. Chemistry3h 40m
- 3. Water1h 26m
- 4. Biomolecules2h 23m
- 5. Cell Components2h 26m
- 6. The Membrane2h 31m
- 7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
- 8. Respiration2h 40m
- 9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
- 10. Cell Signaling59m
- 11. Cell Division2h 47m
- 12. Meiosis2h 0m
- 13. Mendelian Genetics4h 41m
- Introduction to Mendel's Experiments7m
- Genotype vs. Phenotype17m
- Punnett Squares13m
- Mendel's Experiments26m
- Mendel's Laws18m
- Monohybrid Crosses16m
- Test Crosses14m
- Dihybrid Crosses20m
- Punnett Square Probability26m
- Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance20m
- Epistasis7m
- Non-Mendelian Genetics12m
- Pedigrees6m
- Autosomal Inheritance21m
- Sex-Linked Inheritance43m
- X-Inactivation9m
- 14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
- 15. Gene Expression3h 20m
- 16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
- Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression13m
- Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons27m
- The Lac Operon21m
- Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon25m
- The Trp Operon20m
- Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon11m
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation9m
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications16m
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control22m
- Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation28m
- Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation13m
- 17. Viruses37m
- 18. Biotechnology2h 58m
- 19. Genomics17m
- 20. Development1h 5m
- 21. Evolution3h 1m
- 22. Evolution of Populations3h 52m
- 23. Speciation1h 37m
- 24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
- 25. Phylogeny2h 31m
- 26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
- 27. Protists1h 12m
- 28. Plants1h 22m
- 29. Fungi36m
- 30. Overview of Animals34m
- 31. Invertebrates1h 2m
- 32. Vertebrates50m
- 33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
- 34. Vascular Plant Transport2m
- 35. Soil37m
- 36. Plant Reproduction47m
- 37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
- 38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
- 39. Digestive System10m
- 40. Circulatory System1h 57m
- 41. Immune System1h 12m
- 42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- 43. Endocrine System4m
- 44. Animal Reproduction2m
- 45. Nervous System55m
- 46. Sensory Systems46m
- 47. Muscle Systems23m
- 48. Ecology3h 11m
- Introduction to Ecology20m
- Biogeography14m
- Earth's Climate Patterns50m
- Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes10m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Near Equator13m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Regions10m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Northern Regions15m
- Introduction to Aquatic Biomes27m
- Freshwater Aquatic Biomes14m
- Marine Aquatic Biomes13m
- 49. Animal Behavior28m
- 50. Population Ecology3h 41m
- Introduction to Population Ecology28m
- Population Sampling Methods23m
- Life History12m
- Population Demography17m
- Factors Limiting Population Growth14m
- Introduction to Population Growth Models22m
- Linear Population Growth6m
- Exponential Population Growth29m
- Logistic Population Growth32m
- r/K Selection10m
- The Human Population22m
- 51. Community Ecology2h 46m
- Introduction to Community Ecology2m
- Introduction to Community Interactions9m
- Community Interactions: Competition (-/-)38m
- Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/-)23m
- Community Interactions: Mutualism (+/+) & Commensalism (+/0)9m
- Community Structure35m
- Community Dynamics26m
- Geographic Impact on Communities21m
- 52. Ecosystems2h 36m
- 53. Conservation Biology24m
5. Cell Components
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts practice set
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