Hi. In this video, we'll be looking at the physiology of the heart and examining how the heart pumps blood. Now, the heart circulates blood generally by filling up its chambers from the veins and then pushing that blood through the arteries. Now, the veins are going to empty into chambers known as atria. These are thinner, less muscular chambers than the ventricles. And the ventricles, which are more muscular than the atria, are going to be the powerful pumping stations that push that blood through the arteries of the body. So really the atria are there to receive blood and move it into the ventricles, and the ventricles are the guys who do the real heavy lifting and actually push that blood into the vasculature. Now the act of pumping by the heart is known as the cardiac cycle. This is a complete cycle of pumping out blood and filling up with blood. It's divided into 2 phases known as systole and diastole. Systole is the contraction phase where the muscles of the heart are going to contract and blood is ultimately going to be pumped. Diastole is the relaxation phase, which is going to allow the heart to actually fill with blood. Now, let me jump out of the image here and let's talk about what's going on with our atria and our ventricles during these two phases. Now when the atria and ventricles are in diastole, blood is going to flow into those atria and ventricles. So here we are in diastole, and you can see that blood, this is our superior vena cava. Here's our inferior vena cava. These are vena cavae. Right? So from the vena cavae, blood is going to enter into our, let me actually switch colors here so it's easier to see. On the blue background, this is our right atrium, and this is our right ventricle, so blood is going to flow into these. And on the other side, we have our left atrium, and left ventricle, and of course, the left atrium is going to be receiving blood from the pulmonary vein. So these chambers are going to fill up. Now, the atria are going to experience systole before the ventricles do. So the atria are going to be in systole, the ventricles in diastole, and what this is going to allow for is the blood in the atria to be pushed through those AV valves, those atrioventricular valves, and fill up the ventricles. Then the atria are going to go into diastole, and the ventricles are going to go into systole. And that's going to push the blood from the ventricles, and you can see this over here, push the blood from the ventricles into the arteries through those semilunar valves. So this whole process is recorded in electrical signals that look like this. Right? If you've ever seen a doctor show or a movie where there's a scene in a hospital there's always a machine in there that has like a little green screen or something with this little line going across it, and it's like, that's monitoring the heart rate. So this whole blip right here, if you want to call it that, is actually recording the electrical signals that are going through the heart during heart contractions. So let's actually flip the page and talk about how those electrical signals start and how they propagate.
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Heart Physiology
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