Lichens are _____.

• A. mutualistic associations of fungi and plant roots
• B. predatory fungi
• C. the sexual stage of deuteromycetes
• D. used to produce blue cheese
• E. symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of symbiosis: Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. In the case of lichens, this interaction is mutualistic, meaning both organisms benefit from the association.
2. Identify the components of lichens: Lichens are composed of two main partners - a fungus and a photosynthesizer. The photosynthesizer can be either an alga or a cyanobacterium.
3. Explore the role of each partner: The fungus provides structure and protection, while the photosynthesizer contributes nutrients through photosynthesis. This mutualistic relationship allows lichens to thrive in various environments.
4. Clarify common misconceptions: Lichens are not predatory fungi, nor are they involved in the production of blue cheese. They are distinct from deuteromycetes, which are fungi with no known sexual stage.
5. Conclude with the correct definition: Lichens are symbiotic associations of photosynthesizers and fungi, where both partners benefit from the relationship.