Chromosomal rearrangements may be important in evolution because __________.

• A. offspring who inherit two differently arranged sets of chromosomes instantly become a new species
• B. chromosomal rearrangements caused the extinction of dinosaurs, thereby allowing mammals to become dominant
• C. chromosome rearrangements cause new genes to evolve
• D. chromosome rearrangements may cause genetic diseases
• E. chromosome rearrangements lead to gene duplication, thus generating a "spare" copy of the gene that is free to evolve and acquire a new function

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chromosomal rearrangements refer to changes in the structure of chromosomes, which can include duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations.
2. Recognize that gene duplication is a specific type of chromosomal rearrangement where a segment of a chromosome is copied, resulting in two or more copies of a particular gene.
3. Consider the evolutionary significance of gene duplication: having an extra copy of a gene allows one copy to maintain its original function while the other is free to accumulate mutations and potentially develop a new function.
4. Acknowledge that this process of acquiring new functions through gene duplication can lead to increased genetic diversity and complexity, which is a driving force in evolution.
5. Conclude that chromosomal rearrangements, particularly gene duplications, are important in evolution because they provide opportunities for new genes to evolve, contributing to the adaptability and survival of species over time.