PRESENTER: A common technique in genetic engineering is to insert a new gene into a loop of bacterial DNA called a plasmid. The molecular tool used to cut DNA is a restriction enzyme such as EcoR I. The enzyme has a precise shape that allows it to run along the groove of the double helix, scanning in the case of EcoR I, for the base letter sequence GAATTC. The enzyme then cuts the plasma at the specific point, allowing a new piece of DNA to be inserted. When it cuts EcoR I leaves a sticky end. This helps the new gene to attach. The joins are then stitched together by another enzyme called DNA ligase. The genetically engineered bacteria is grown in a culture medium. Very quickly, large numbers of the bacteria can be produced each with a copy of the inserted gene. The bacteria duly manufacture whatever protein the gene codes for, and so the desired product is made.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Biology2h 40m
- 2. Chemistry3h 40m
- 3. Water1h 26m
- 4. Biomolecules2h 23m
- 5. Cell Components2h 26m
- 6. The Membrane2h 31m
- 7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
- 8. Respiration2h 40m
- 9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
- 10. Cell Signaling59m
- 11. Cell Division2h 47m
- 12. Meiosis2h 0m
- 13. Mendelian Genetics4h 41m
- Introduction to Mendel's Experiments7m
- Genotype vs. Phenotype17m
- Punnett Squares13m
- Mendel's Experiments26m
- Mendel's Laws18m
- Monohybrid Crosses16m
- Test Crosses14m
- Dihybrid Crosses20m
- Punnett Square Probability26m
- Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance20m
- Epistasis7m
- Non-Mendelian Genetics12m
- Pedigrees6m
- Autosomal Inheritance21m
- Sex-Linked Inheritance43m
- X-Inactivation9m
- 14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
- 15. Gene Expression3h 20m
- 16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
- Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression13m
- Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons27m
- The Lac Operon21m
- Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon25m
- The Trp Operon20m
- Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon11m
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation9m
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications16m
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control22m
- Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation28m
- Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation13m
- 17. Viruses37m
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- 20. Development1h 5m
- 21. Evolution3h 1m
- 22. Evolution of Populations3h 52m
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- 24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
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- 41. Immune System1h 12m
- 42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
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- 44. Animal Reproduction2m
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- Introduction to Ecology20m
- Biogeography14m
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- Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes10m
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- 49. Animal Behavior28m
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- Introduction to Community Ecology2m
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- Community Structure35m
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- 52. Ecosystems2h 36m
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18. Biotechnology
Steps to DNA Cloning
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