Which of the following best states the advantages that seeds have over spores?

• A. Seeds can survive for extended periods of time at reduced metabolic rates.
• B. Seeds are single cells, demanding fewer nutrients from the parent plants.
• C. Seeds can survive even in conditions that are unfavorable for the parent plants.
• D. Most seeds are poisonous; therefore, they are not consumed by animals and persist in the environment for long periods of time.
• E. Seeds contain embryonic plants, an abundant food supply, and a protective covering.

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the basic difference between seeds and spores: Seeds are multicellular structures that contain an embryo, a food supply, and a protective coat, while spores are typically single-celled and do not have these additional resources.
2. Consider the survival advantages: Seeds can remain dormant for long periods, allowing them to survive unfavorable conditions until they are suitable for germination. This is due to their reduced metabolic rate and protective covering.
3. Evaluate the nutritional aspect: Seeds have a food supply that supports the embryo during germination, which is not the case for spores. This food supply allows seeds to have a better chance of successful growth once conditions improve.
4. Assess the protection factor: The protective covering of seeds helps shield the embryo from physical damage and desiccation, increasing their chances of survival in harsh environments.
5. Summarize the advantages: Seeds offer a combination of an embryonic plant, a nutrient reserve, and a protective layer, which collectively provide a significant survival advantage over spores, especially in variable environmental conditions.