In this video, we're going to introduce 2 types of genes that regulate cell growth. And so any healthy and normal cell that is not cancerous and is not part of a tumor, this healthy normal cell is going to have 2 types of genes that regulate cell growth, and we've got these 2 labeled down below, number 1 and number 2. And so the first type of gene that's going to regulate cell growth in a healthy normal cell is a proto-oncogene. And so a proto-oncogene is going to be a gene that provides signals that promote appropriate cell division. And so because it's promoting appropriate cell division, proto-oncogene is pretty much acting like the green light for cell division. And so it's going to allow cell division to proceed. Now, the second type of gene that regulates cell growth is a tumor suppressor gene. And so the tumor suppressor gene, as its name implies, is going to do pretty much the opposite of the proto-oncogene. It's going to provide signals to not promote but inhibit cell division. So it's basically acting like the red light for cell division, to inhibit cell division and to slow it down. Now a protein called p53 is an example of a protein that serves as a tumor suppressor gene. And so if we take a look at our image down below over here on the left-hand side, notice we're showing you a proto-oncogene and how it pretty much acts like the cell division gas pedal. It pretty much promotes cell division, so it acts like the green light for cell division to allow cell division to proceed normally and appropriately. And then over here on the right-hand side, notice we're showing you the tumor suppressor gene, which is pretty much acting like the cell division brakes or the brakes to cell division or the red light for cell division that slows down or inhibits cell division. And so again, within a healthy and normal cell, there are both proto-oncogenes and there are tumor suppressor genes that will either promote or inhibit cell division appropriately so that cell division will proceed appropriately. However, although proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are normal and healthy genes found in normal and healthy cells, they are susceptible to mutations. And mutations in either of these types of genes, in either proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, can lead to the development of cancer, uncontrollable cell division. And so all again, although proto-oncogenes are essential, although proto-oncogenes are essential and healthy genes that promote cell division appropriately, again, they are susceptible to mutations that can generate oncogenes. And oncogenes are different than proto-oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are healthy and normal genes that are needed and required to promote appropriate cell division. However, oncogenes are mutated proto-oncogenes. And so that's exactly how we're defining oncogene down below. They are a mutated gene that is going to promote unrestrained cell growth. Essentially, it's going to promote cancer. And so this here concludes our introduction to the 2 types of genes that regulate cell growth, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor mutations that can lead to the development of cancer. And so the mutations that can lead to the development of cancer. And so this here, concludes this video and we'll be able to get some practice applying these concepts as we move forward. So I'll see you all in our next video.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Biology2h 40m
- 2. Chemistry3h 40m
- 3. Water1h 26m
- 4. Biomolecules2h 23m
- 5. Cell Components2h 26m
- 6. The Membrane2h 31m
- 7. Energy and Metabolism2h 0m
- 8. Respiration2h 40m
- 9. Photosynthesis2h 49m
- 10. Cell Signaling59m
- 11. Cell Division2h 47m
- 12. Meiosis2h 0m
- 13. Mendelian Genetics4h 41m
- Introduction to Mendel's Experiments7m
- Genotype vs. Phenotype17m
- Punnett Squares13m
- Mendel's Experiments26m
- Mendel's Laws18m
- Monohybrid Crosses16m
- Test Crosses14m
- Dihybrid Crosses20m
- Punnett Square Probability26m
- Incomplete Dominance vs. Codominance20m
- Epistasis7m
- Non-Mendelian Genetics12m
- Pedigrees6m
- Autosomal Inheritance21m
- Sex-Linked Inheritance43m
- X-Inactivation9m
- 14. DNA Synthesis2h 27m
- 15. Gene Expression3h 20m
- 16. Regulation of Expression3h 31m
- Introduction to Regulation of Gene Expression13m
- Prokaryotic Gene Regulation via Operons27m
- The Lac Operon21m
- Glucose's Impact on Lac Operon25m
- The Trp Operon20m
- Review of the Lac Operon & Trp Operon11m
- Introduction to Eukaryotic Gene Regulation9m
- Eukaryotic Chromatin Modifications16m
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Control22m
- Eukaryotic Post-Transcriptional Regulation28m
- Eukaryotic Post-Translational Regulation13m
- 17. Viruses37m
- 18. Biotechnology2h 58m
- 19. Genomics17m
- 20. Development1h 5m
- 21. Evolution3h 1m
- 22. Evolution of Populations3h 52m
- 23. Speciation1h 37m
- 24. History of Life on Earth2h 6m
- 25. Phylogeny2h 31m
- 26. Prokaryotes4h 59m
- 27. Protists1h 12m
- 28. Plants1h 22m
- 29. Fungi36m
- 30. Overview of Animals34m
- 31. Invertebrates1h 2m
- 32. Vertebrates50m
- 33. Plant Anatomy1h 3m
- 34. Vascular Plant Transport2m
- 35. Soil37m
- 36. Plant Reproduction47m
- 37. Plant Sensation and Response1h 9m
- 38. Animal Form and Function1h 19m
- 39. Digestive System10m
- 40. Circulatory System1h 57m
- 41. Immune System1h 12m
- 42. Osmoregulation and Excretion50m
- 43. Endocrine System4m
- 44. Animal Reproduction2m
- 45. Nervous System55m
- 46. Sensory Systems46m
- 47. Muscle Systems23m
- 48. Ecology3h 11m
- Introduction to Ecology20m
- Biogeography14m
- Earth's Climate Patterns50m
- Introduction to Terrestrial Biomes10m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Near Equator13m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Regions10m
- Terrestrial Biomes: Northern Regions15m
- Introduction to Aquatic Biomes27m
- Freshwater Aquatic Biomes14m
- Marine Aquatic Biomes13m
- 49. Animal Behavior28m
- 50. Population Ecology3h 41m
- Introduction to Population Ecology28m
- Population Sampling Methods23m
- Life History12m
- Population Demography17m
- Factors Limiting Population Growth14m
- Introduction to Population Growth Models22m
- Linear Population Growth6m
- Exponential Population Growth29m
- Logistic Population Growth32m
- r/K Selection10m
- The Human Population22m
- 51. Community Ecology2h 46m
- Introduction to Community Ecology2m
- Introduction to Community Interactions9m
- Community Interactions: Competition (-/-)38m
- Community Interactions: Exploitation (+/-)23m
- Community Interactions: Mutualism (+/+) & Commensalism (+/0)9m
- Community Structure35m
- Community Dynamics26m
- Geographic Impact on Communities21m
- 52. Ecosystems2h 36m
- 53. Conservation Biology24m
11. Cell Division
Cancer
Video duration:
4mPlay a video:
Related Videos
Related Practice