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Ch. 25 The Urinary System
All textbooksElaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn 7th EditionCh. 25 The Urinary SystemProblem 6
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Chapter 24, Problem 6

Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to a. water reabsorption, b. capsular hydrostatic pressure, c. arterial blood pressure, d. acidity of the urine.

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Identify the process of filtration at the glomerulus, which is the initial step in urine formation where blood plasma is filtered through the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule.
Understand that filtration is driven by the net filtration pressure, which is influenced by factors such as glomerular hydrostatic pressure, capsular hydrostatic pressure, and blood colloid osmotic pressure.
Recognize that capsular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid in the Bowman's capsule against the filtration membrane, opposing filtration.
Consider that an increase in capsular hydrostatic pressure would decrease the net filtration pressure, thereby reducing the rate of filtration at the glomerulus.
Conclude that filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to capsular hydrostatic pressure, as an increase in this pressure would lead to a decrease in filtration.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of how much blood is filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys per minute. It is crucial for understanding kidney function and is influenced by various factors, including blood pressure and the permeability of the glomerular membrane. A higher GFR indicates more filtration, while a lower GFR suggests reduced kidney function.
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Glomerular Filtration Rate

Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure

Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the fluid in the Bowman's capsule surrounding the glomerulus. This pressure opposes filtration, meaning that as capsular hydrostatic pressure increases, the rate of filtration decreases. Understanding this relationship is essential for analyzing how changes in pressure affect kidney function.
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Arterial Blood Pressure

Arterial blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels. It plays a critical role in glomerular filtration; higher arterial blood pressure typically increases GFR, while lower blood pressure can reduce filtration. This concept is vital for understanding the dynamics of kidney function and how systemic blood pressure influences renal health.
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Textbook Question
Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the a. glomerular capsules, b. distal convoluted tubules, c. collecting ducts, d. proximal convoluted tubules.
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Textbook Question
Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells? a. Na⁺, b. K⁺, c. amino acids, d. all of the above.
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Textbook Question
Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it a. does not pass through the walls of the glomerulus, b. is kept in the blood by colloid osmotic pressure, c. is reabsorbed by the tubule cells, d. is removed by the body cells before the blood reaches the kidney.
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Textbook Question
Tubular reabsorption a. of glucose and many other substances is a Tₘ -limited active transport process, b. of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of Na⁺ , c. is the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron, d. of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubule.
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Textbook Question
If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has a. an ammonia-like odor, b. a pH below normal, c. a dark yellow color, d. a pH above normal.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following is/are true about ADH? a. It promotes obligatory water reabsorption, b. it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, c. it causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT, d. it promotes Na⁺ reabsorption.
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