All of the following characterize the ANS except a. a two-neuron efferent chain, b. presence of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, c. presence of neuron cell bodies in the ganglia, d. innervation of skeletal muscles.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the components of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and its primary functions.
2. Understand that the ANS is responsible for involuntary control of body functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
3. Recognize that the ANS typically involves a two-neuron efferent chain, which includes a preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron.
4. Note that neuron cell bodies in the ANS are located both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral ganglia.
5. Determine which option does not fit the typical characteristics of the ANS, focusing on the type of muscles innervated by the ANS.

Key Concepts

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It operates without conscious control and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which have opposing effects on target organs.

Efferent Neuron Chain

The efferent neuron chain in the ANS consists of two neurons: the preganglionic neuron, which originates in the central nervous system (CNS), and the postganglionic neuron, which extends from a ganglion to the target organ. This two-neuron arrangement is essential for transmitting signals that control involuntary functions.

Innervation of Skeletal Muscles

Innervation of skeletal muscles is primarily controlled by the somatic nervous system, not the ANS. The somatic system uses a single motor neuron to directly innervate skeletal muscles, allowing for voluntary movement, whereas the ANS regulates smooth and cardiac muscles, as well as glands, which are involuntary.