Cardiac output is equal to:

a. end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume.

b. heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

c. stroke volume divided by end-diastolic volume.

d. heart rate multiplied by preload.

Video transcript

Hi everyone. Let's take a look at this practice problem together, which of the following is not included in calculating cardiac output. The answer options are a stroke volume, B, oxygen concentration, C stroke volume and D none of the above. So recall that cardiac output has an equation and it is as follows, cardiac output equals the heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume. Now, cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Heart rate, we should know is how many times the heart beats per minute and stroke volume is the amount of blood that is pumped out from the left ventricle with each contraction. Now options A and C both are stroke volume and recognize that that is a key component in calculating cardiac output. So both options A and C are incorrect. Option B oxygen concentration refers to the amount of oxygen carried in the blood. Oxygen concentration does not affect how many times the heart beats per minute or the heart rate. And it does not influence the amount of blood pumped with each contraction. So it does not influence stroke volume either the correct answer. Therefore, is option B oxygen concentration. All right, everyone. I hope you found this helpful and I'll see you soon for the next practice problem.