Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
The 4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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3m
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Video transcript
We've been talking about a number of ways to name regions of the body in very specific ways. Now, we wanna talk about things a little bit more generally, and to do that, we're gonna be using the abdominal pelvic quadrants and regions. Alright. Abdominopelvic, your abdomen and your pelvis together. You have a lot of stuff going on in there, really the majority of your internal organs. And sometimes you wanna may wanna name a region of that area without naming a specific thing. For example, if a patient has a pain, you might wanna say generally where it is, but you don't know what's causing it. Or if during a dissection you want to look at something, but you don't know exactly what you're looking at, but you want to direct someone to a particular region, you can use these words. So we're going to start out just by saying for simplicity, animists sometimes use more general terms for regions of the abdomen and the pelvis, and there's going to be 2 ways to do this. Now like anything, check your notes, know what your professor wants you to be responsible for. Usually it's both of them. Alright. We'll start out with the abdominal pelvic quadrants. The abdominal pelvic quadrants well, there's gonna be 4 quadrants. That makes sense. That's what quadrants means. Right? So for the quadrants, we're just going to draw this line up and down and a line across, both of them going through the navel or the belly button, and we get 1, 2, 3, 4 quadrants. The quadrants tend to be preferred by the medical community. They're also a little bit easier to learn because there's only 4 of them, and they use pretty logical English language terms to name them. Now we also have the abdominal pelvic regions. There are going to be 9 regions, and you get these regions by basically drawing a Tic Tac Toe board there on that abdominopelvic region. Now the abdominopelvic regions this tends to be preferred by anatomists because they're more specific. They're also a little bit harder to learn because there's 9 of them instead of 4, and they're gonna use Greek and Latin roots. Alright. Because that's going to be a little bit more difficult, we'll spend more time on it in a future video. Right now I want to look at these abdominopelvic quadrants. Alright. So the abdominopelvic quadrants, we can see here. We'll say again they're divided at the midline and the navel. We can see that here. We just this cross, sort of right to the belly button there. To name these quadrants, well, each quadrant name includes just three words, and it's gonna be very straightforward. The first word is right or left. Now the only tricky part here remember, it's the body's right or left, not yours. So this would be the right, and this would be the left. The second word is going to be upper or lower, and the third word is always quadrant. Alright. So to make this even easier, you don't have to write out all the words. You can just abbreviate it. So for example, we can see here the right upper quadrant. We can just write this as the ruq. Alright. Now to finish this off, let's put those abbreviations on our anatomical model here. Well, the right upper quadrant, the r u q, that would be here, r u q. Next, we'll look here. Well this is on the left, It's upper and it's a quadrant, so that's the l u q. We'll go down, and here we are on the right. It is lower, and it is a quadrant, the rlq. And here we are on the left. It is lower, and it is a quadrant, so it's the LLQ. Alright. We'll practice this a little bit more, an example and practice problems to follow, and then we will look at those 9 abdominopelvic regions in more detail. I'm looking forward to it. I'll see you there.
2
example
Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions Example 1
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3m
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Video transcript
This example asks you to draw in the abdominal pelvic quadrants and label them with the correct abbreviations. Now to do this we have our anatomical model here, and we can see really all the major internal organs there. So let's go ahead and draw in our quadrants. First thing to remember here, we're only talking about the abdominopelvic region, so not that thoracic region. So the area where you see the lungs, we can ignore that to start. So first thing to do to divide the quadrants though, I'm gonna draw 2 lines. My first line is going to go up and down at the midline, and that's dividing the left and the right. And then I'm going to draw a line horizontally through where about where I think the navel is, and that's going to divide the upper and the lower. Now as we do this, remember we're going to use left and right, and so I always like to remind myself that I'm talking about the body's left and right and not my own because that's something I often get confused. So this is the right and this is the left. All right, with that in mind, we see 1, 2, 3, 4 quadrants and we have 1, 2, 3, 4 places to put our answer. And each one tells us some of the major organs that are going to be located in that quadrant. So let's take a look. How would you name this first quadrant right here? Well, as I look at it, that is on the right, that is upper, and it is a quadrant. So that's the right upper quadrant, and the right right upper quadrant has in it the liver and the gallbladder. You can see the liver is actually a little bit bigger than that quadrant, but it's mostly in that quadrant. Alright. We're gonna go over here next, and we'll look at this quadrant. How would you name this quadrant right there? Well, I would say that it is on the left. It is upper. It is a quadrant. It's the left upper quadrant. And there, you will find the stomach, the spleen, and the pancreas. Okay. As we move down what about this quadrant right here? Well, as I look at that, it's on the left. It is lower, and it is a quadrant. It's the left lower quadrant. And in there you're gonna find the small intestine, the large intestine, and the bladder. You'll notice all those things, though, spill over and are not entirely in this quadrant, but at least part of them are. And then finally we'll look at this last quadrant right here. How would you name that? Well, that's on the right. It is lower, and it's a quadrant. It's the right lower quadrant. Alright. With that, we did it. Now at this point in the course, you probably are not responsible for where all the major organs are exactly in the body. But you probably want to get familiar with some of them, and especially some of the major ones. One that's not major that I just want to call out is this appendix that's in that right lower quadrant. There tends to be a lot of questions about that just because it's sort of the one thing in these quadrants that are different from each other when you're looking at the lower quadrants, and people tend to get appendicitis, and so there's medical questions that people ask. Alright. With that, we got practice problems to follow. You should give them a try.
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Problem
Problem
Identify two organs of the left upper quadrant. You may use the diagram for reference.
A
Liver & gallbladder.
B
Large intestine & appendix.
C
Stomach & spleen.
D
Large intestine & bladder.
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Problem
Problem
Tenderness in the right lower quadrant could indicate what? You may use the diagram for reference.
A
Gall stones.
B
Appendicitis.
C
Acid reflux.
D
Hepatitis (infection of the liver).
5
concept
The 9 Abdominopelvic Regions
Video duration:
4m
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Video transcript
Now we're going to talk about the abdominal pelvic regions. The abdominal pelvic regions divide the abdomen creating an imaginary tic tac toe board. So if we look at this model here to the right, we can see that on the abdominopelvic region there's these two vertical lines, There's these two horizontal lines creating a Tic Tac Toe board or maybe a hashtag with the navel or the belly button kind of near the middle. Now when you do that, that creates 9 sections, and we said that 9 is more than 4, the 4 quadrants that we learned for the abdominal pelvic quadrants. And for that region reason, the abdominal pelvic regions tend to be preferred by animists. They're more specific. These 9 regions are named for their location, and the naming follows a pattern. First, you want to identify, are you talking about something that's on the right, in the center, or on the left? And that's because the left and right are gonna have terms that are different from the terms for the center. Next, those terms are gonna be based on whether they're located in the top, middle, or the bottom. Now I said previously, these can be a little bit harder to learn than the quadrants because these names are based on the Greek and Latin anatomical terms. Now don't worry too much. You should already know some of these terms. So let's go ahead and take a look. First off, we're going to start on the right or left. Right or left, you always start with right or left, so you're indicating the side. And then on the top, we're going to call that the hypochondriac reason. Now hypo means below and chondriac refers to the ribs. So hypo, even though it's at the top of the regions that we're talking about, we're talking about the space just below the ribs. Now, you've probably seen that word, hypochondriac, before referring to someone who thinks they're sick all the time, even though there's nothing actually wrong with them. There's a reason for that. A long time ago, we're talking 100 of years ago, that condition where you think you're sick but you're not, was start to orig was thought to originate in the hypochondriac region. So they thought there was something wrong with you just below your ribs. Over time, the name for that region got associated with the condition. So hypochondriac means somebody who thinks they're sick when they're not, but the term specifically means the place right under your ribs. So at the top of your abdominal pelvic region, you have your right and left hypochondriac region. If we go down, we reach the middle, and the middle we're going to call the right or left lumbar. That should be familiar. Lumbar is your lower back. Right? Your lumbar region sort of right here, that's kind of in the middle in terms of up and down of your abdominal pelvic region. So abdominopelvic region in the middle, left or right lumbar region. Finally, you reach the bottom, you have the left or right inguinal. Inguinal, that should also see be familiar. Inguinal meant of the groin. So on either side, left or right inguinal region. Going down the middle, we have a different set of terms. Down the middle, we have starting first, we have epigastric. Now epi means above or on top of, and gastric refers to the stomach or your intestine area. So above on top of your intestinal area is your epigastric region, right there in the middle. Going down, we have the umbilical. Umbilical is your navel or belly button. Right? Your belly button is right in the middle. You should be familiar with that word umbilical right in the middle of your abdominopelvic region. And finally, at the bottom, we have hypogastric. Well, we said gastric refers to the stomach or the digestive organs, and hypo means below. So this is going to be below the stomach. So it's right in the middle at the bottom of the abdominal pelvic region. So going through them all one more time, we have right or left hypochondriac region. In the middle, we have the epigastric region. We have the right or left lumbar region. In the middle, we have the umbilical region. We have the right or left inguinal region. In the middle, we have the hypogastric region. We're gonna practice this more in an example below and with practice problems to follow, and I will see you there.
6
example
Abdominopelvic Quadrants and Regions Example 2
Video duration:
2m
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Video transcript
This example asks us to match each region with the location on the diagram below, and we have our anatomical model where we can see all the internal organs. We don't need to worry about the internal organs for this though because we have the hashtag or tic tac toe board drawn on the abdominal pelvic region and it's labeled a through I and we just want to know the names of each. So if we remember our naming convention, we should be fine. So let's start. First up, we have the epigastric region. Take a second. Do you know where the epigastric region is? Well, epigastric, it doesn't say right or left. So I know it's in the middle. Epi means on top or above and gastric is the stomach area. So it's going to be right up in the middle there. It's going to be b. Epigastric region is b. Next, we have the left and right hypochondriac region. Here's a second. Do you know where that is? Alright. Left and right, so it's on the sides. Remember, hypochondriac hypo means below and chondriac means the ribs. So it's right under the ribs on the left and right side. Now left and right, I want to label my body here because it's the body's left and right, not mine. So I'm gonna put an l on this side and a right on this that side. That keeps me from getting confused. That means the life left hypochondriac region is gonna be c, and the right hypochondriac region is gonna be a. Next up, we have the hypogastric region. Take a second. Do you know which letter that is? Alright. Hypogastric. There's no left or right, so it's gotta be on the middle. Hypo, that means below. Gastric is the stomach area, so it's all the way down at the bottom in the middle there. That looks like it's gonna be h, and I mark it with an h. Next up, we have the left and right inguinal regions. Take a second. Do you know where those are? Alright. Left and right. They got to be on the side, and then that term inguinal. Inguinal is the groin, so that's all the way down on the sides. So that's gonna be g and I here, and it looks like I is gonna be the left inguinal region and g is gonna be the right inguinal region. Next up, we have the left and right lumbar regions. Take a second. Where are those? Alright. Left and right. They're on the sides. Lumbar is the lower back. That's kind of in the middle of the abdominal pelvic region. So that's gonna be d and f. F is on the left. D is on the right. So f is the left lumbar region, and d is the right lumbar region. That leaves us finally with the umbilical region. Well, our one region left, that is going to be e, right in the middle where the belly button is. So e is the umbilical region. With that, a couple more practice problems below, and I'll see you in the next video.
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Problem
Problem
How would you name the region that is in the center and top of the abdomen?
A
Umbilical region.
B
Hypogastric region.
C
Epigastric region.
D
Inguinal region.
8
Problem
Problem
Your lab instructor tells you to make an incision in the hypogastric region find a specific organ. What organ might you be trying to locate? You may use the diagram as a reference.
A
Bladder.
B
Large intestine.
C
Liver.
D
Stomach.
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