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Table of contents

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1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 37m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 7m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood1h 22m
18. The Heart1h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity Coming soon

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Genetic Code

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Previous problemNext problem

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true?

A

Each DNA base codes for three amino acids.

B

Each gene codes for three proteins.

C

It takes three genes to code for one protein.

D

Each amino acid in a protein is coded for by three bases in the DNA.

Previous problemNext problem

Verified step by step guidance

1

Understand the basic structure of DNA and its role in protein synthesis. DNA is composed of nucleotides, each containing a base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).

Learn about the genetic code, which is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins. Each group of three DNA bases, called a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Recognize that during transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in sets of three bases (codons) and uses tRNA molecules to add the corresponding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.

Conclude that the correct statement is: Each amino acid in a protein is coded for by three bases in the DNA, as each codon (three bases) specifies one amino acid.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

List the order of nucleotides on the mRNA that would be transcribed from the following DNA sequence: CGATTACTTA.

Textbook Question

Which of the following is not true of a codon? a. It may code for the same amino acid as another codon. b. It never codes for more than one amino acid. c. It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule. d. It is the basic unit of the genetic code.

Textbook Question

Which of the following correctly ranks the structures in order of size, from largest to smallest? a. gene-chromosome-nucleotide-codon b. chromosome-gene-codon-nucleotide c. nucleotide-chromosome-gene-codon d. chromosome-nucleotide-gene-codon

Textbook Question

Using the genetic code (Table 10.1), list the order of amino acids encoded by the following mRNA nucleotides: CAACGCAUUUUG.

Textbook Question

Which of the following describes the experimental strategy that was used to decipher the genetic code? a. comparing the amino acid sequences of proteins with the base sequence of their genes b. analyzing the sequence of RNAs produced from known DNA sequences c. analyzing mutants that changed the code d. examining the polypeptides produced when RNAs with particular sequences were translated

Textbook Question

Which of the following describes the experimental strategy that was used to decipher the genetic code? a. comparing the amino acid sequences of proteins with the base sequence of their genes b. analyzing the sequence of RNAs produced from known DNA sequences c. analyzing mutants that changed the code d. examining the polypeptides produced when RNAs with particular sequences were translated

Textbook Question

For each of these statements about the genetic code, select True or False. a. T/F Wobble pairing accounts for the redundancy of the genetic code. b. T/F There are 64 different tRNAs that read the 64 possible codons. c. T/F All possible codons are used, but not all codons specify an amino acid. d. T/F Some codons are recognized by proteins, not by tRNAs.

Textbook Question

A minimal genetic code requires only 21 codons—one for each amino acid, and one for a stop signal. Given this, what advantage might be offered by having a code with 64 codons?

Textbook Question

For each of these statements about the genetic code, select True or False. a. T/F Wobble pairing accounts for the redundancy of the genetic code. b. T/F There are 64 different tRNAs that read the 64 possible codons. c. T/F All possible codons are used, but not all codons specify an amino acid. d. T/F Some codons are recognized by proteins, not by tRNAs.

Textbook Question

A minimal genetic code requires only 21 codons—one for each amino acid, and one for a stop signal. Given this, what advantage might be offered by having a code with 64 codons?

Textbook Question

Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5′→3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys. a. 5′-UUUCCCAAA-3′ b. 5′-GAACCCCTT-3′ c. 5′-CTTCGGGAA-3′ d. 5′-AAACCCUUU-3′

Textbook Question

Draw a hypothetical metabolic pathway in Neurospora crassa composed of five substrates, five enzymes, and a product called nirvana. Number the substrates 1–5, and label the enzymes A–E, in order. (For instance, enzyme A catalyzes the reaction between substrates 1 and 2.) (b) Suppose a mutant strain can survive if substrate 5 is added to the growth medium, but it cannot grow if substrates 1, 2, 3, or 4 are added. Which enzyme in the pathway is affected in this mutant?

Textbook Question

Draw a hypothetical metabolic pathway in Neurospora crassa composed of five substrates, five enzymes, and a product called nirvana. Number the substrates 1–5, and label the enzymes A–E, in order. (For instance, enzyme A catalyzes the reaction between substrates 1 and 2.) (a) Suppose a mutation made the gene for enzyme C nonfunctional. What molecule would accumulate in the affected cells?

Textbook Question

Draw a hypothetical metabolic pathway in Neurospora crassa composed of five substrates, five enzymes, and a product called nirvana. Number the substrates 1–5, and label the enzymes A–E, in order. (For instance, enzyme A catalyzes the reaction between substrates 1 and 2.) (b) Suppose a mutant strain can survive if substrate 5 is added to the growth medium, but it cannot grow if substrates 1, 2, 3, or 4 are added. Which enzyme in the pathway is affected in this mutant?

Textbook Question

Draw a hypothetical metabolic pathway in Neurospora crassa composed of five substrates, five enzymes, and a product called nirvana. Number the substrates 1–5, and label the enzymes A–E, in order. (For instance, enzyme A catalyzes the reaction between substrates 1 and 2.) (a) Suppose a mutation made the gene for enzyme C nonfunctional. What molecule would accumulate in the affected cells?

Textbook Question

One of the possibilities considered about the genetic code was that the code was overlapping, meaning that a single base could be part of up to three codons. How many amino acids would be encoded in the sequence 5′-AUGUUACGGAAU-3′ by a non-overlapping and a maximally overlapping triplet code? a. 4 (non-overlapping) and 16 (overlapping) b. 4 and 12 c. 4 and 10 d. 12 and 4

Textbook Question

One of the possibilities considered about the genetic code was that the code was overlapping, meaning that a single base could be part of up to three codons. How many amino acids would be encoded in the sequence 5′-AUGUUACGGAAU-3′ by a non-overlapping and a maximally overlapping triplet code? a. 4 (non-overlapping) and 16 (overlapping) b. 4 and 12 c. 4 and 10 d. 12 and 4

Textbook Question

If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment of mRNA synthesized on it will have a sequence of a. TTT, b. UUU, c. GGG, d. CCC.

Textbook Question

Researchers compared the amino acid sequences of the transport protein in zebrafish, puffer fish, mice, and humans. They found many stretches with identical sequences in all four species. Does this mean that the corresponding mRNA base sequences are also the same in these four species? Explain why or why not.

Multiple Choice

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5′-AGT-3′. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?

Multiple Choice

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following sequences of nucleotides are possible in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe–Leu–Ile–Val?

Multiple Choice

What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5′–AUG–UCU–UCG–UUA–UCC–UUG–3′

Multiple Choice

When RNA is being made, the RNA base __________ always pairs with the base __________ in DNA.

Multiple Choice

Generally speaking, how many genetic codes are there?

Multiple Choice

The number of nucleotide bases "read" together on the mRNA to designate each amino acid is __________; this unit is called a(n) __________.

Multiple Choice

The codons AAA, CCC, GGG, and UUU specify the amino acids lysine, proline, glycine, and phenylalanine, respectively. If the base sequence 5′-CCCAAATTTGGG-3′ is present in the coding strand of a stretch of DNA, what polypeptide sequence would be encoded by the corresponding template strand?

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides are needed to code for a protein with 450 amino acids?

Multiple Choice

In many cases, more than one codon codes for the same amino acid. Because of this, we say that the code is __________.

Multiple Choice

Bacteria can transcribe and translate human genes to produce functional human proteins because __________.

Multiple Choice

The mRNA codons 5′-CAA-3′ or 5′-CAG-3′ are translated as the amino acid glutamine by __________.

Multiple Choice

The redundancy of the genetic code is a consequence of ______.

Multiple Choice

Which is the three-base coding sequence on tRNA?

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