In this video, we're going to be talking about the penis. The penis, as you may recall, is the male organ of copulation. That just means that this is the organ that delivers sperm to the female reproductive tract. We divide the penis into three major anatomical regions. First, we have the root or the base of the penis; in the middle, we have the body; and then at the tip, we have the head, also known as the glans penis. I will show you that on our image in one moment. The penis is comprised mainly of erectile tissue, which is connective tissue and smooth muscle that is filled with vascular spaces. During sexual arousal or excitement, those vascular spaces can fill with blood, causing the penis to become enlarged and rigid, which we call an erection. An erection allows the penis to act as the organ of copulation. A very fun fact about the penis is that it is actually homologous with the female clitoris. Homologous structures are structures that have common evolutionary origins and are composed of similar tissues. Early in embryonic development, these would basically be the exact same tissue, and then throughout embryonic and fetal development, it would become differentiated into a penis for a male fetus or a clitoris for a female fetus. We have outlined our main homologous structures with a little blue outline there, and you will see those in our video on the clitoris as well. You can see which structures are direct homologues between those two organs. So here is our penis, and like I mentioned, we have the root of the penis here at the base. We have the body of the penis in the middle. That's going to be the majority of the organ. And then we have the head of the penis, also known as the gland, at the tip. We're going to start by labeling structures, starting at the root with these kind of little wing-shaped triangular structures there at the base, and that is called the crus of the penis. The crus is surrounded by muscles that help to attach the penis to the pelvic floor and that helps to stabilize the organ and give it some integrity. Next up, we have these two bulbous structures right here on the root, and those are known as the bulbs of the penis. The bulbs are composed of erectile tissue, so they will fill with blood during sexual arousal. These are also going to be surrounded by muscles that help to anchor the penis to the pelvic floor. Moving down here, we have our corpus cavernosa. The corpus cavernosa, which we have here in this kind of light pink color, is on the outside of the penis. These are paired erectile bodies that will extend from the roots basically all the way down through the body of the penis. Cavernosa literally means cavernous. These have that characteristic vascular structure where there's plenty of room for them to become engorged with blood. When the corpus cavernosa becomes erect, they become extremely rigid. These are going to give the erection a lot of its structure and rigidity. Moving down here, we have our corpus spongiosum. The corpus spongiosum, drawn here in this magenta color, surrounds the urethra. These extend all the way from the root to the glans or the head of the penis. The bulb of the penis is made up of the same tissue as that corpus spongiosum. Spongiosum literally means spongy. When the corpus spongiosum becomes erect and filled with blood, it does not become rigid. It maintains a spongy texture, preventing the urethra from closing, which is important. If we were to have tissue like the corpus cavernosa next to the urethra, when it filled with blood it could shut the urethra, preventing ejaculate fluid from leaving the penis, which we don't want. The corpus spongiosum stays nice and spongy and soft, allowing the urethra to stay open, but it does add a little bit of compression to the urethra, which helps with the velocity of the ejaculate as it exits the penis. That is the main difference between the corpus cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum. One becomes very rigid when it's erect, the other stays kind of spongy and soft. Last but not least, we have our prepuce or the foreskin of the penis, and you can see that really nicely right here. This is just skin that extends around the glans or the head of the penis. That is penile anatomy, and I will see you guys in the next one. Bye bye.
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- 1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
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27. The Reproductive System
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
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