Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.a. Bone resorption is triggered by pressure placed on the bone.252views
Textbook QuestionBone remodeling in adults is regulated and directed mainly by a. growth hormone b. thyroid hormones c. sex hormones d. mechanical stress e. PTH.437views
Textbook QuestionThe disorder in which bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal is a. osteomalacia b. osteoporosis c. Paget's disease.473views
Textbook QuestionDescribe in proper sequence the events of endochondral ossification in a long bone.358views
Textbook QuestionAs we grow, our long bones increase in diameter, but the thickness of the compact bone of the shaft remains relatively constant. Explain this phenomenon.421views
Textbook QuestionDescribe the process of new bone formation in an adult bone. Use the terms osteoid seam and calcification front in your discussion.391views
Textbook Questiona. Why are fractures most common in elderly individuals? b. Why are greenstick fractures most common in children?305views
Textbook QuestionWhy do you think wheelchair-bound people with paralyzed lower limbs have thin, weak bones of the leg and thigh?429views
Textbook QuestionMrs. Abbruzzo brought her 4-year-old daughter to the doctor, complaining that she didn't 'look right.' The child's forehead was enlarged, her rib cage was knobby, and her lower limbs were bent and deformed. X rays revealed very thick epiphyseal plates. Mrs. Abbruzzo was advised to increase dietary amounts of vitamin D and milk and to get the girl outside to play in the sun. Considering the child's signs and symptoms, what disease do you think she has? Explain the doctor's instructions.534views
Textbook QuestionWhat would a long bone look like at the end of adolescence if bone remodeling did not occur?351views
Textbook QuestionNoah Beckenstein went to weight-lifting camp in the summer between seventh and eighth grade. He noticed that the camp trainer put tremendous pressure on him and his friends to improve their strength. After an especially vigorous workout, Noah's arm felt extremely sore and weak around the elbow. He went to the camp doctor, who took X rays and then told him that the injury was serious, for the 'end of his upper arm bone was starting to twist off.' What had happened? Could the same thing happen to Noah's 23-year-old sister, Karen, who was also starting a program of weight lifting? Why or why not?319views
Textbook QuestionOsteocytes residing in lacunae of osteons of healthy compact bone are located quite a distance from the blood vessels in the central canals, yet they are well nourished. How can this be explained?448views
Textbook QuestionMultiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which of the following would you expect to be prominent in osteoclasts? a. Golgi apparatus b. Lysosomes c. Microfilaments d. Exocytosis126views
Textbook QuestionExposure to optimum amounts of sunlight is necessary for proper bone maintenance and growth in children. (a) What does sunlight do to promote bone maintenance and growth?133views
Textbook QuestionExposure to optimum amounts of sunlight is necessary for proper bone maintenance and growth in children. (b) If a child lives in an area where exposure to sunlight is rare because of pollution or overcast skies, what can be done to minimize impaired maintenance and growth of bone?127views
Textbook QuestionThe presence of an epiphyseal line indicates (a) epiphyseal growth has ended, (b) epiphyseal growth is just beginning, (c) growth of bone diameter is just beginning, (d) the bone is fractured at the location, (e) no particular event.149views
Textbook QuestionThe hormones that coordinate the storage, absorption, and excretion of calcium ions are (a) growth hormone and thyroxine, (b) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, (c) calcitriol and cholecalciferol, (d) estrogens and androgens.147views
Textbook QuestionWhat is the primary difference between endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification?179views
Textbook Questiona. What nutritional factors are essential for normal bone growth and maintenance?142views
Textbook Questionb. What hormonal factors are necessary for normal bone growth and maintenance?133views
Textbook QuestionWhich three organs or tissues interact to assist in the regulation of calcium ion concentration in body fluids?138views
Textbook QuestionThe process of bone growth at the epiphyseal cartilage is similar to (a) intramembranous ossification, (b) endochondral ossification, (c) the process of osteopenia, (d) the process of healing a fracture, (e) the process of calcification.182views
Textbook QuestionThe vitamins essential for normal adult bone maintenance and repair are (a) A and E, (b) C and D3, (c) B and E, (d) B complex and K.114views
Textbook QuestionCompare and contrast controls of bone remodeling exerted by hormones and by mechanical and gravitational forces, including the purpose of each control system and changes in bone architecture that might occur.171views
Textbook QuestionFormation of the bony callus in fracture repair is followed by a. hematoma formation b. fibrocartilaginous callus formation c. bone remodeling d. formation of granulation tissue.186views
Textbook QuestionWhile playing on her swing set, 10-year-old Sally falls and breaks her right leg. At the emergency room, the doctor tells her parents that the proximal end of the tibia where the epiphysis meets the diaphysis is fractured. The fracture is properly set and eventually heals. During a routine physical when she is 18, Sally learns that her right leg is 2 cm shorter than her left, probably because of her accident. What might account for this difference?145views
Textbook QuestionDeborah, a 75-year-old woman, stumbled slightly while walking, then felt a terrible pain in her left hip. At the hospital, X-ray images revealed that the hip was broken. Also, the compact bone and spongy bone throughout her spine were very thin. What was her probable condition?190views
Textbook QuestionThe primary reason that osteoporosis accelerates after menopause in women is (a) reduced levels of circulating estrogens, (b) reduced levels of vitamin C, (c) diminished osteoclast activity, (d) increased osteoblast activity.168views
Textbook QuestionThe nonpathologic loss of bone that occurs with aging is called (a) osteomyelitis, (b) osteoporosis, (c) osteopenia, (d) osteitis, (e) osteomalacia.155views
Textbook QuestionWhy do extended periods of inactivity cause degenerative changes in the skeleton?152views
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following conditions would you possibly observe in a child who is suffering from rickets? (a) abnormally short limbs, (b) abnormally long limbs, (c) oversized facial bones, (d) bowed legs, (e) weak, brittle bones127views
Textbook QuestionFrank does not enter puberty until he is 16. What effect would you predict this will have on his stature? (a) Frank will probably be taller than if he had started puberty earlier. (b) Frank will probably be shorter than if he had started puberty earlier. (c) Frank will probably be a dwarf. (d) Frank will have bones that are heavier than normal. (e) The late onset of puberty will have no effect on Frank's stature.150views
Multiple ChoiceIn adolescence, the 'growth spurt' that is observed is mainly attributed to an increase in __________.1119views1rank1comments
Multiple ChoiceBefore eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.1258views
Multiple ChoiceA condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is __________.1620views1rank
Multiple ChoiceMary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?2641views5rank1comments
Multiple ChoiceIf a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?1368views2rank
Multiple ChoiceHow does the structure of an osteocyte allow communication with adjacent cells?990views10rank
Multiple ChoiceA central theme in anatomy is the relationship between structure and function. What structural feature of osteoclasts aids in their function of osteolysis?720views14rank