Which target organ receives dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

• A. Blood vessels
• B. Adrenal medulla
• C. Heart
• D. Sweat glands

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of dual innervation: Dual innervation refers to the situation where an organ receives nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, allowing for more precise control of its function.
2. Identify the role of the sympathetic division: The sympathetic division is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, generally increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy stores.
3. Identify the role of the parasympathetic division: The parasympathetic division is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, generally decreasing heart rate, constricting airways, and promoting digestion and energy storage.
4. Recognize the heart as a target organ: The heart receives dual innervation, meaning it is influenced by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division increases heart rate and force of contraction, while the parasympathetic division decreases heart rate.
5. Compare with other options: Blood vessels, adrenal medulla, and sweat glands do not receive dual innervation. Blood vessels are primarily controlled by the sympathetic division, the adrenal medulla is directly stimulated by sympathetic nerves, and sweat glands are also primarily under sympathetic control.