So in this video, we're going to be talking about some important features of the cerebrum. Like we talked about previously, the surface of the cerebrum or the cortex is covered in all of these grooves and ridges, and that's what gives the cortex its very kind of distinctive wrinkly appearance. Now those grooves and ridges actually have names and there are 3 of these features that you need to know. So the first is a gyrus. A gyrus is an elevated ridge of tissue on the surface of the brain. If we're looking at this kind of little zoomed-in segment of the brain here, each of these bumps or ridges would be a gyrus. These are all gyri is one way to say that as well. Okay? So the gyrus is the bump or the ridge that we can see. Now, we also have a sulcus. A sulcus is a shallow groove of tissue that separates gyri. Looking at our little cartoon here, this would be our sulcus. You can see it's not going too deep. It's pretty shallow, but it's separating out these 2 gyri there. Okay? So this feature would be the sulcus. Alright? And then finally, we have fissures. Fissures are deep grooves of tissue that separate out larger regions of the brain. In our cartoon, this would be our fissure. You can see how much deeper and larger it is compared to our little sulcus there. Sulci and fissures are both grooves; they're both kind of going in. But again, fissures are much deeper and larger and they're more visually prominent. If you're just looking at a brain with the naked eye, you can very easily tell what is a fissure and what is a sulcus, and I'll show you that in just a second. Okay? Human brains are unique. They're a little bit like fingerprints in a way, but pretty much all typically developing human brains will have certain landmarks on them. So we're going to go over the 5 most prominent landmarks that we see in the human brain. Alright. So just to kind of orient you to this image really quick, over here on the left, we have a lateral view of the brain. So we're looking this way. And over here on the right, we have a superior view. So we're looking down. This is the front of the person's head and this would be the back of the person's head. Okay? Alright. So we're going to start our journey here with the central sulcus which is this purple line right here. Okay? And you can see on the superior view over here the central sulcus appears on the left and right hemisphere and it's basically this little sulcus that goes right in about the center of your brain toward the center of your skull. Okay? And that central sulcus on either side of it, we have a very important gyrus. So right in front of the central sulcus, more anterior to the central sulcus, we have the precentral gyrus. So that is this feature right here, and then right behind the central sulcus we have the postcentral gyrus. So I always remember this as the postcentral gyrus is posterior to that central sulcus. Okay? And you can see again on our superior view where each of those would be. Okay, so those are the 2 gyri and the sulcus that you should know. Okay? Next, we're going to go over the fissures. So the first one we're going to go over is the lateral fissure and that is this blue line right here that kind of separates out this lobe. My pen stopped working for a second. There we go. That kind of separates out this lobe of the brain. And I would bet even before you watch this video, throughout your entire life even, if I asked you to draw a brain, even if you have zero artistic skills, you probably would have drawn something like this. Right? So what you included there was the lateral fissure. So again, fissures are very visually prominent. And you can tell just from looking at a brain how important they are even if you don't even know what you're looking at yet. So you've been drawing lateral fissures your entire life. Look at that. So that's our lateral fissure. And then looking at our superior view, we can see our longitudinal fissure. And the longitudinal fissure is very important because this is the feature that separates the cerebrum into the left and right hemispheres. So the lateral fissure actually is what creates our left and right hemispheres. Okay? Now one way that I always remembered this when I was a student, maybe it'll help you as well, is to imagine a world map. And if we're looking at a world map to tell direction we have our vertical lines, right, representing longitude and our horizontal lines representing latitude. So I would always remember these vertical lines are longitude, longitudinal fissure, and then these horizontal lines are latitude, which is the lateral fissure. So maybe that's helpful to you as well. Hopefully, it can be. Alright. So I will see you guys in our next video to talk even more about the cerebrum. See you there.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
- What is Anatomy & Physiology?20m
- Levels of Organization13m
- Variation in Anatomy & Physiology12m
- Introduction to Organ Systems27m
- Homeostasis9m
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- 4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
- Introduction to Tissues & Histology16m
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- Simple Epithelial Tissues1h 2m
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- Classes of Connective Tissue8m
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- Introduction to Muscle Tissue7m
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- 5. Integumentary System2h 20m
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- 7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
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- 11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
- 12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- 13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
- Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System5m
- Organization of Sensory Pathways16m
- Introduction to Sensory Receptors5m
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- 14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
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- 16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
- 17. The Blood1h 22m
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- 19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
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- 21. The Immune System14h 37m
- Introduction to the Immune System10m
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- Introduction to Cells of the Immune System15m
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- Fever8m
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- Review Map of Innate Immunity
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- Antibody Class Switching17m
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- Primary and Secondary Response of Adaptive Immunity21m
- Immune Tolerance28m
- Regulatory T Cells10m
- Natural Killer Cells16m
- Review of Adaptive Immunity25m
- 22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
- 23. The Digestive System2h 5m
- 24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
- Essential Amino Acids5m
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- Introduction to Cellular Respiration22m
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- Cellular Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation8m
- Cellular Respiration: Krebs Cycle16m
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- Cellular Respiration: Chemiosmosis7m
- Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration18m
- Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration23m
- Gluconeogenesis16m
- Fatty Acid Oxidation20m
- Amino Acid Oxidation17m
- 25. The Urinary System2h 39m
- 26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
- 27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
- 28. Human Development1h 21m
- 29. Heredity Coming soon
12. The Central Nervous System
The Cerebrum
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