Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties, Updated Edition, 6th edition

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction to Literacy Difficulties
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Nature of Reading Difficulties
   • The Nature of Intervention and Corrective Instruction
   • Principles of Intervention and Corrective Instruction
   • Impact of Federal Legislation and Standards
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
2. Factors Involved in Reading and Writing Difficulties
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Interacting Factors in Reading and Writing Difficulty
   • Cognitive Factors
   • Language Factors
   • Affective Factors
   • Physical Causes
   • Social, Cultural, Economic, and Educational Factors
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
3. Overview of Assessment
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Principles of Effective Assessment
   • Tests
   • Assessing for Learning
   • Evaluating Assessment Devices
   • High-Stakes Tests
   • Assessing English Language Learners
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
4. Placing Students and Monitoring Progress
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • The Informal Reading Inventory
   • Reaching the Frustration Level
   • Establishing Listening Capacity
   • Running Records
   • Planning Instruction
   • Based on IRI, Miscue Analysis, or Running Record Results
   • IRI-Based Tests
   • Screening, Monitoring Progress, and Benchmarking
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
5. Assessment of Reading and Writing Processes
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Reading Processes: Decoding
   • Reading Processes: Comprehension and Study Skills
   • Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge
   • Assessing
   • Writing
   • Spelling and Handwriting
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
6. Assessment of Cognitive, School, and Home Factors
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Assessment of Capacity
   • Tests of Listening, Language, Memory, Associative Learning, and Word Finding
   • Assessing the Instructional Situation
   • Case History
   • Summarizing, Organizing, Interpreting, and Reporting Assessment Data
   • Mini–Case Study
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
7. Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Emergent Literacy and Prevention Programs
   • Using Read-Alouds and Writing to Develop Emergent Literacy
   • Phonological Processes and Reading
   • Letter Knowledge
   • Mini–Case Study
   • Prekindergarten Prevention Programs
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
8. Teaching Phonics, High-Frequency Words, and Fluency
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Phonics and the Struggling Reader
   • Teaching Consonants
   • Teaching Vowels
   • Mini–Case Study
   • Word-Analysis Strategies
   • Mini–Case Study
   • High-Frequency Words
   • Fostering Fluency
   • Mini–Case Study
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
9. Syllabic, Morphemic, and Contextual Analysis and Dictionary Strategies
   • Using What You Know
   • Anticipation Guide
   • Syllabic Analysis
   • Morphemic Analysis
   • Contextual Analysis
   • Using the Dictionary
   • Balanced Use of Strategies
   • Mini–Case Study
   • Summary
   • Application Activities
10. Building Vocabulary
    • Using What You Know
    • Anticipation Guide
    • The Nature of Vocabulary Instruction for Underachieving Readers
    • Principles of Vocabulary Instruction
    • Teaching Words
    • Teaching
    • Vocabulary to English Learners
    • A Full Program of Vocabulary Development
    • Mini–Case Study
    • Summary
    • Application Activities
11. Building Comprehension
    • Using What You Know
    • Anticipation Guide
    • Theories of Comprehension
    • Comprehension Strategies
    • Beyond Strategies
    • Importance of Background Knowledge, Reasoning and Talk
    • Lessons and Teaching Techniques that Foster Comprehension
    • Mini–Case Study
    • Summary
    • Application Activities
12. Reading to Learn and Remember in the Content Areas
    • Using What You Know
    • Anticipation Guide
    • The Challenge of Content-Area Instruction
    • Framework for Teaching Content-Area Reading
    • Using Text Structure
    • Instructional Techniques
    • for Fostering Learning From Text
    • Textbooks in the Content Areas
    • Teaching Literature to Struggling Readers
    • Reading to Learn and Remember
    • Mini–Case Study
    • Summary
    • Application Activities
13. Building Writing Strategies
    • Using What You Know
    • Anticipation Guide
    • Struggling Writers and the Nature of Writing
    • Writing Workshop
    • Composing Narrative, Explanatory/Informational, and Persuasive Texts
    • Writing Programs for Low-Achieving Readers and Writers
    • Mini–Case Study
    • Spelling and Handwriting
    • Summary
    • Application Activities
14. Tier II and III Programs for Students of All Ages
    • Using What You Know
    • Anticipation Guide
    • Approaches to Intervention
    • Intervention Programs
    • The Need for Specialized Techniques
    • Working with English Learners
    • Summary
    • Application Activities
15. Organization of Intervention and Corrective Programs
    • Using What You Know
    • Anticipation Guide
    • The Changing Face of Intervention
    • Components of an Effective Intervention Program
    • Matching Students with Materials
    • Technology for the Reading/Writing Program
    • Summary
    • Application Activities

Appendix A: Informal Assessment Measures

Appendix B: Sample Assessment Report

Glossary

References

Index