Preface to the fourth edition

Introduction

Descriptive statistics
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- Summarising data using graphical techniques
- Looking at cross-section data: wealth in the UK in 2005
- Summarising data using numerical techniques
- The box and whiskers diagram
- Time-series data: investment expenditures 1977–2009
- Graphing bivariate data: the scatter diagram
- Data transformations
- The information and data explosion
- Writing statistical reports
- Guidance to the student: how to measure your progress
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
- Appendix 1A: S notation
- Problems on S notation
- Appendix 1B: E and V operators
- Appendix 1C: Using logarithms
- Problems on logarithms
- References
Probability
- Learning outcomes
- Probability theory and statistical inference
- The definition of probability
- Probability theory: the building blocks
- Bayes’ theorem
- Decision analysis
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
Probability distributions
Estimation and confidence intervals
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- Point and interval estimation
- Rules and criteria for finding estimates
- Estimation with large samples
- Precisely what is a confidence interval?
- Estimation with small samples: the t distribution
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
- Appendix: Derivations of sampling distributions
Hypothesis testing
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- The concepts of hypothesis testing
- The Prob-value approach
- Significance, effect size and power
- Further hypothesis tests
- Hypothesis tests with small samples
- Are the test procedures valid?
- Hypothesis tests and confidence intervals
- Independent and dependent samples
- Issues with hypothesis testing
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
The c² and F distributions
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- The c²distribution
- The F distribution
- Analysis of variance
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
- Appendix: Use of c² and F distribution tables
Correlation and regression
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- What determines the birth rate in developing countries?
- Correlation
- Regression analysis
- Inference in the regression model
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
- References
Multiple regression
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- Principles of multiple regression
- What determines imports into the UK?
- Finding the right model
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
- References
Data collection and sampling methods
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- Using secondary data sources
- Collecting primary data
- Random sampling
- Calculating the required sample size
- Collecting the sample
- Case study: the UK Living Costs and Food Survey
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- References
Index numbers
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- A simple index number
- A price index with more than one commodity
- Using expenditures as weights
- Quantity and expenditure indices
- The Consumer Price Index
- Discounting and present values
- Inequality indices
- The Lorenz curve
- The Gini coefficient
- Concentration ratios
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises
- Appendix: deriving the expenditure share form of the
- Laspeyres price index
- References
Seasonal adjustment of time series data
- Learning outcomes
- Introduction
- The components of a time series
- Isolating the trend
- Isolating seasonal factors
- Seasonal adjustment
- An alternative method for finding the trend
- Forecasting
- Further issues
- Chapter summary
- Key terms and concepts
- Problems
- Answers to Exercises

List of important formulae

Appendix: Tables

Answers to problems

Index

Statistics for Economics, Accounting and Business Studies, 7th edition

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