Preface
Supplements
How to Succeed in Your Statistics Course
Applications Index
1. Speaking of Statistics
1.1 What Is/Are Statistics?
1.2 Sampling
1.3 Types of Statistical Studies
1.4 Should You Believe a Statistical Study?
FOCUS ON PSYCHOLOGY: Are You Driving “Drunk” on Your Cell Phone?
FOCUS ON PUBLIC HEALTH: Is Your Lifestyle Healthy?
2. Measurement in Statistics
2.1 Data Types and Levels of Measurement
2.2 Dealing with Errors
2.3 Uses of Percentages in Statistics
2.4 Index Numbers
USING TECHNOLOGY: Inflation Calculator
FOCUS ON POLITICS: Who Benefited Most from Lower Tax Rates?
FOCUS ON ECONOMICS: Can a Redefined CPI Help the National Debt?
3. Visual Displays of Data
3.1 Frequency Tables
USING TECHNOLOGY: Frequency Tables
3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data
USING TECHNOLOGY: Bar Graphs
USING TECHNOLOGY: Pie Charts
USING TECHNOLOGY: Line Charts and Histograms
3.3 Graphics in the Media
USING TECHNOLOGY: Graphs with Multiple Data Sets
3.4 A Few Cautions about Graphics
FOCUS ON HISTORY: Can War Be Described with a Graph?
FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: Are We Changing Earth’s Atmosphere?
4. Describing Data
4.1 What Is Average?
USING TECHNOLOGY: Mean, Median, and Mode
4.2 Shapes of Distributions
4.3 Measures of Variation
USING TECHNOLOGY: Quartiles
USING TECHNOLOGY: Boxplots
USING TECHNOLOGY: Standard Deviation
4.4 Statistical Paradoxes
FOCUS ON THE STOCK MARKET: What’s Average about the Dow?
FOCUS ON ECONOMICS: Are the Rich Getting Richer?
5. A Normal World
5.1 What Is Normal?
5.2 Properties of the Normal Distribution
USING TECHNOLOGY: Standard Scores and Percentiles
5.3 The Central Limit Theorem
FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Can We Learn from SAT Trends?
FOCUS ON PSYCHOLOGY: Are We Smarter Than Our Parents?
6. Probability in Statistics
6.1 The Role of Probability in Statistics: Statistical Significance
6.2 Basics of Probability
6.3 The Law of Large Numbers
6.4 Ideas of Risk and Life Expectancy
6.5 Combining Probabilities (Supplementary Section)
FOCUS ON SOCIAL SCIENCE: Do Lotteries Harm the Poor?
FOCUS ON LAW: Is DNA Analysis Reliable?
7. Correlation and Causality
7.1 Seeking Correlation
USING TECHNOLOGY: Scatterplots and Correlation Coefficients
7.2 Interpreting Correlations
7.3 Best-Fit Lines and Prediction
7.4 The Search for Causality
FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Helps Children Learn to Read?
FOCUS ON THE ENVIRONMENT: What Is Causing Global Warming?
8. Inferences from Samples to Populations
8.1 Sampling Distributions
8.2 Estimating Population Means
USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Interval for a Population Mean
8.3 Estimating Population Proportions
USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion
FOCUS ON HISTORY: Where Did Statistics Begin?
FOCUS ON LITERATURE: How Many Words Did Shakespeare Know?
9. Hypothesis Testing
9.1 Fundamentals of Hypothesis Testing
9.2 Hypothesis Tests for Population Means
USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Test for a Population Mean
9.3 Hypothesis Tests for Population Proportions
USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Test for a Population Proportion
FOCUS ON HEALTH AND EDUCATION: Will Your Education Help You Live Longer?
FOCUS ON AGRICULTURE: Are Genetically Modified Foods Safe?
10. t Tests, Two-Way Tables, and ANOVA
10.1 t Distribution for Inferences about a Mean
USING TECHNOLOGY: Confidence Intervals Using the t Distribution
USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Tests with the t Distribution
10.2 Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables
USING TECHNOLOGY: Hypothesis Testing with Two-Way Tables
10.3 Analysis of Variance (One-Way ANOVA)
USING TECHNOLOGY: Analysis of Variance
FOCUS ON CRIMINOLOGY: Can You Tell a Fraud When You See One?
FOCUS ON EDUCATION: What Can a Fourth-Grader Do with Statistics?
Epilogue: A Perspective on Statistics
Appendix A: z-Score Tables
Appendix B: Table of Random Numbers
Websites and Suggested Readings
Glossary
Credits
Answers
Index
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