Published by Pearson (September 18, 2020) © 2018
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BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I. HISTORICAL AND PROFESSIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING
1.  History of and Professional Identity in Clinical Mental Health Counseling
2. Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling 
3. Â Clinical Mental Health Counseling in a Diverse Society
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PART II. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELORS 
4.  The Counseling Process 
5.  Client Assessment and Diagnosis 
6.  Holistic Approaches to Clinical Mental Health Counseling 
7.  Consultation, Advocacy, and Evaluation
8.  Dealing with Crises, Disasters, and Suicide, while Managing Stress, and Avoiding Burnout 
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III. Â WORKING WITH SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
9.  Working with Groups 
10. Couples and Family Counseling 
11. Counseling Children and Adolescents
12. Counseling Adults  
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IV.  CLINICAL MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING: SETTINGS AND SERVICES 
13. College and Career Counseling
14. Community Agencies, Medical Settings, and Other Specialized Clinical Settings  
15. Employee Assistance Programs, Private Practice, Coaching and Managed Care 
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Epilogue
Appendix - ACA Code of Ethics (2014)
References
Name Index
Subject Index
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1:Historical and Professional Foundations of Clinical Mental Health Counseling 
Chapter 1.History of and Professional Identity in Clinical Mental Health Counseling
Historical Roots of Clinical Mental Health Counseling 
A Chronological Overview of Professional Counseling 
Before 1900 
1900—1909 
1910s 
1920s 
1930s 
1940s 
1950s 
1960s 
1970s 
1980s 
1990s 
2000—2009 
2010-2016  
Professional Identity  
Defining Therapeutic Professionals
Nonprofessionals
General Human Services Workers
Professional Helpers 
Defining Counseling
Legal Recognition of Counseling as a Profession 
Professional Identification through Credentialing
Inspection
Registration,
Certification
Licensure
Identifying and Defining Therapeutic Professionals
Social Work
Psychiatry
Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses
Psychologists
Clinical Mental Health Counseling 
Clinical Mental Health Practice Settings and Services
Direct client services,
Indirect client services,
Direct community services
Indirect community services
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 2.Ethical and Legal Aspects of Counseling 
Definitions: Ethics, Morality, and Law
Ethics and Counseling 
Purpose of Ethical Codes
The ACA Code of Ethics 
Overview of Changes Made to the 2014 ACA Code of Ethics 
NBCC Code of Ethics 
Limitations of Ethical Codes 
Making Ethical Decisions
Other Guidelines for Acting Ethically
Unethical Behavior
The Law and Counseling 
Criminal, Civil, and Administrative Law 
Malpractice 
Other Reasons for Court Appearances 
Common Ethical and Legal Concerns 
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Privileged Communication 
Informed Consent 
Professional Boundaries and Roles with Clients 
Professional Competence 
End-of-Life Decisions 
The Use of Technology 
Using Technology-Assisted Counseling Responsibly 
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 3.Clinical Mental Health Counseling in a Diverse Society 
Culture and Ethnicity 
Defining Culture and Multicultural Counseling 
Challenges and Issues in Multicultural Counseling 
Developing Multicultural Counseling Competencies 
Becoming Ethnically Responsive Counselors: Integrating Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills 
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity 
Definitions and Terminology 
Homophobia and Heterosexism 
Sexual Identity Development and Coming Out
Other Counseling Issues and Implications
Working with Transgender Clients 
Differing Abilities 
Definitions and Terminology 
Factors Associated with Increased Rates of Disability 
Attitudes and Myths about Disabilities 
Federal Regulation Related to Disability 
Counseling Goals and Interventions 
Training, Roles, and Functions of Rehabilitation Counselors 
Counseling Issues and Implications 
Socioeconomic Status and Social Class 
Definitions and Terminology 
SES as a Risk Factor 
Poverty and Social Class Fluidity 
Counseling Implications 
Summary and Conclusion 
PART 2:Roles and Functions of Clinical Mental Health Counselors 
Chapter 4.The Counseling Process 
The Physical Setting of Counseling 
Aesthetic Qualities and Room Design 
Initial Sessions: Building a Counseling Relationship 
Seriousness of the Presenting Problem 
Structure
Initiative 
Initial Counseling Interviews 
Relationship Building during Initial Sessions 
Case Conceptualization 
Client Records 
The Working Phase of Counseling 
Treatment Plans 
Interventions, Skills, and Techniques 
Case Notes 
Documenting Work with High-Risk Clients 
Closing Counseling Relationships 
Why Closing Is Important 
Timing of Closing 
Facilitating Closing 
Documenting Closing 
Following Up 
Referring and Recycling
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 5.Client Assessment and Diagnosis 
Assessment in Counseling 
Assessment Defined 
Methods of Assessment 
Purposes of Assessment 
Principles of Sound Assessment 
Issues Related to Assessment 
Diagnosis 
Using the DSM-5 in Counseling 
Overview of Mental Disorders and Conditions 
Diagnosis and Treatment  
Biopsychosocial Assessment and Diagnosis 
Biopsychosocial Assessment and Reporting 
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 6.Holistic Approaches to Clinical Mental Health Counseling 
The Biopsychosocial Model 
Biological Components 
Psychological Components 
Social Components 
Assessment and Treatment Planning 
Spirituality 
Terminology 
Benefits Associated with Spirituality 
Spirituality and the Counseling Process 
Mindfulness 
Wellness 
Wellness Models: The Wheel of Wellness and the Indivisible Self 
Ways to Use the Indivisible Self Model in Counseling 
Prevention 
Definition of Prevention 
Rationale for Prevention 
Prevention Models 
Stress Management 
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 7.Consultation, Advocacy, and Evaluation 
Mental Health Consultation 
What Is Mental Health Consultation? 
Caplan’s Four Types of Mental Health Consultation 
Key Characteristics of Successful Consultants 
Advocacy 
What Is Advocacy? 
Empowerment 
Social Action 
ACA Advocacy Competencies 
Advocacy Skills and Attributes 
Challenges of Advocacy 
Advocacy for the Profession 
Client Outcome Evaluation 
Definition and Purpose of Client Outcome Evaluation 
Multifaceted Approaches to Client Outcome Evaluation 
Challenges and Benefits of Client Outcome Evaluation 
Program Evaluation 
Purposes of Program Evaluation 
Steps in Evaluation 
Process and Program Outcome Evaluation 
Quality Assurance 
Issues and Challenges of Program Evaluation 
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 8.Crises and Disasters, Managing Suicide Risk, Stress, and Burnout 
Crisis and Disaster Response 
Definition of Crisis
Definition of Crisis Intervention 
Crisis Assessment 
Six-Step Model of Crisis Intervention 
Disaster Mental Health Training
Compassion Fatigue, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Vicarious Traumatization 
Suicide Assessment and Intervention 
Data Related to Suicide Prevalence 
Talking with Clients about Suicide 
Suicide Assessment
Identifying Risk and Protective Factors 
Immediate Interventions 
Responding to Risk Assessment 
Maintaining Effectiveness as a Counselor: Managing Stress and Avoiding Burnout 
Stress and Burnout in Counseling 
Establishing Limits 
Modeling Self-Care 
Cultivating Self-Awareness 
Maintaining a Sense of Humor 
Summary and Conclusion 
PART 3:Working with Specific Populations 
Chapter 9.Working with Groups 
The Place of Groups in Counseling 
Types of Groups 
Psychoeducational Groups 
Counseling Groups 
Psychotherapy Groups 
Task/Work Groups 
Mixed Groups 
Realities and Misperceptions about Groups 
Uses, Advantages, and Limitations of Groups 
Uses of Groups 
Advantages of Groups
Limitations of Groups 
Theoretical Approaches in Conducting Groups 
Stages in Groups 
Issues in Groups 
Selection and Preparation of Group Members 
Group Size and Duration 
Open versus Closed Groups 
Confidentiality 
Physical Structure 
Coleaders 
Self-Disclosure 
Feedback 
Follow-Up 
Qualities of Effective Group Leaders 
Group Organizations 
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 10.Couples and Family Counseling 
What Is a Family? 
Family Life and the Family Life Cycle 
Different Types of Families and Their Issues 
Minority Ethnic Families 
Dual-Career Families 
Single-Parent Families 
Childless Families 
Remarried Families 
Gay and Lesbian Families 
Aging Families
Multigenerational Families 
Military Families 
Family Life Stressors 
Expected Life Stressors 
Unexpected Life Stressors 
Couples Counseling 
Psychoanalytic Theory 
Social-Learning Theory 
Bowen Family Systems Theory 
Structural—Strategic Theory 
Rational Emotive Behavior Theory 
Emotionally Focused Therapy 
Family Counseling 
Psychodynamic Family Counseling 
Experiential Family Counseling 
Behavioral Family Counseling 
Structural Family Counseling 
Strategic Family Counseling 
Brief Solution-Focused Family Counseling 
Narrative Family Therapy 
Couple and Family Enrichment 
Research and Associations 
Summary and Conclusion  
Chapter 11. Counseling Children and Adolescents 
Developmental Considerations 
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood 
Adolescence 
Bioecological Considerations 
Psychological, Biological, and Genetic Influences 
Contextual Influences 
Counseling Considerations 
Building a Counseling Relationship 
Assessment and Evaluation 
Designing and Implementing a Treatment Plan 
Creative Interventions 
Concerns Affecting Children and Adolescents 
Depression 
Eating Disorders 
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 
Specific Issues of Concern 
Summary and Conclusion 
Chapter 12. Counseling Adults 
The Transition Framework 
Emerging Adulthood 
Counseling Implications for Emerging Adults 
Early Adulthood 
Developmental Issues 
Early Adult Lifestyles 
Counseling Implications for Young Adults 
Middle Adulthood 
Physical Changes 
Psychosocial Issues 
Midlife Relationships 
Counseling Implications 
Later Adulthood
Developmental Issues 
Activities in Late Adulthood 
Relationships 
Response to Adversity 
Ageism 
What Is Ageism? 
How Is Ageism Expressed? 
Gender-Aware Counseling 
Counseling Women 
Counseling Men 
Summary and Conclusion
PART 4:Clinical Mental Health Counseling: Settings and Services 
Chapter 13.College and Career Counseling 
Counseling in College and University Settings 
History of College Counseling 
Campus Counseling Centers and Areas of Clinical Focus 
Prevalent Mental Health Issues among College Students 
Severe Mental Illness and Suicide 
Crisis Management on College Campuses 
Other Issues of Concern 
Career Counseling 
The Need for Career Development Services 
Career Development Process 
Career Counseling and Related Terminology 
Career Development Theories 
Career Counseling Process and Skills  
Summary and Conclusion
Chapter 14.Community Agencies, Medical Settings, and Other Specialized Clinical Settings 
Community Mental Health Centers and Agencies 
Evolution of Community Mental Health Centers 
Service Delivery 
Direct and Indirect Services 
Professional Affiliation and Certification 
Hospitals and Other Healthcare Settings 
Inpatient Medical Settings 
Other Behavioral Health/Psychiatric Services 
Cancer Patient Support Services 
Memory Assessment Counseling Services 
Other Hospital-Based Counseling Services 
Other Specialized Clinical Settings 
Hospice and Palliative Care 
Substance Abuse Treatment Programs 
Child and Family Service Agencies 
Other Clinical Services 
Summary and Conclusion  
Chapter 15.Employee Assistance Programs, Private Practice, Coaching, and Managed Care 
Employee Assistance Programs 
Becoming an EAP Counselor 
Serving as an EAP Counselor 
Private Practice Counseling 
Private Practice Work Settings 
Services Offered by Private Practitioners 
Pragmatic Considerations 
Tips for Building a Successful Private Practice 
Coaching 
What Is Coaching? 
Clinical Mental Health Counseling and Coaching 
Different Types of Coaching 
Regulation of Coaching
Managed Care 
The Development of Managed Care Systems 
What Is Managed Care? 
Implications for Counselors 
Advantages and Disadvantages of Managed Care 
Ethical Considerations 
Recommendations for Counselors 
Summary and Conclusion 
Epilogue
Appendix: ACA Code of Ethics (2014) 
References 
Name Index 
Subject Index 
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