Ways to help you work out the meaning of new words

Charlotte Guest
A man reading a book sat in a window
Reading time: 4 minutes

Learning a new language is an exciting journey, but it can also be challenging, especially when you encounter unfamiliar words. Don't let new vocabulary intimidate you. With the right strategies, you can work out the meaning of new words and enhance your language skills. Here are some effective ways to help you work out the meaning of new words so you can use these new words confidently and tackle any unfamiliar words with confidence.

Before diving into practical tips, it's helpful to understand a bit about the origins of the English language. English is a Germanic language, but it has been heavily influenced by Latin, especially through the Norman Conquest in 1066 and the Renaissance period. Many English words have Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes. This historical context can be a valuable tool in decoding unfamiliar vocabulary.

Decoding new vocabulary with ease
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Break it down

Many words are composed of smaller parts, such as prefixes, suffixes and root words.

Prefix: A prefix is a group of letters added to the beginning of a word that changes its meaning. For example, the prefix "un-" means "not." When added to the word "happy," it creates "unhappy," which means "not happy."

Suffix: A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word that changes its meaning or grammatical function. For example, the suffix "-ful" means "full of." When added to the word "joy," it creates "joyful," which means "full of joy."

Understanding these components can help you understand the meaning of the entire word. Here are some common prefixes and suffixes to get you started:

Common prefixes:

  • un-: means "not" (e.g., unhappy - not happy)
  • re-: means "again" (e.g., rewrite - write again)
  • pre-: means "before" (e.g., preview - view before)
  • dis-: means "not" or "opposite of" (e.g., dislike - not like)
  • mis-: means "wrongly" (e.g., misunderstand - understand wrongly)
  • anti-: means "against" (e.g., antibiotic - against bacteria)
  • co-: means "together" (e.g., cooperate - work together)
  • sub-: means "under" (e.g., submarine - under the sea)
  • inter-: means "between" (e.g., international - between nations)

Common suffixes:

  • ful: means "full of" (e.g., joyful - full of joy)
  • less: means "without" (e.g., hopeless - without hope)
  • able: means "can be" (e.g., readable - can be read)
  • er: means "one who" (e.g., teacher - one who teaches)
  • ness: means "state of being" (e.g., happiness - state of being happy)
  • ly: means "in a certain way" (e.g., quickly - in a quick way)
  • ment: means "result of" (e.g., achievement - result of achieving)
  • tion: means "action or process" (e.g., celebration - process of celebrating)
  • ive: means "having the nature of" (e.g., creative - having the nature of creating)

You can often figure out their meanings by breaking down words into smaller parts. For example, the word "unbelievable" can be broken down into "un-" (not) + "believe" + "-able" (can be), meaning "cannot be believed."

Use visual aids

Visual aids, such as pictures, diagrams and videos, can make learning new words more engaging and memorable. When you see an image associated with a word, it creates a mental link that helps you recall the word later. Visual aids enhance vocabulary retention and comprehension (Paivio, 1991).

Check the context

When you see a word you don't know, look at the sentences and words around it. They can give you important hints about what the word means. The sentences can show the main idea, the feelings, or the mood of the text. 

For example, if a word is used when talking about someone who is very excited, it probably has a good meaning. By looking at how the word works with other words in the sentences nearby, you can guess what it means. This helps you learn new words and understand what you read better.

Make connections

Relate new words to words you already know. This technique, known as semantic mapping, involves creating a network of related words and concepts. For example, if you know the word "happy," you can connect it to "joyful," "content" and "pleased." This method not only helps you remember new words but also deepens your understanding of their meanings.

Engage in active reading

Active reading involves more than just passively skimming through text. Take notes, highlight unfamiliar words and look up their meanings. This proactive approach helps reinforce new vocabulary and improves comprehension. According to the International Journal of Educational Research, active reading strategies are effective in enhancing vocabulary acquisition (Grabe, 2009).

Keep a vocabulary journal

Maintain a dedicated journal for new words. Write down the word, its definition, an example sentence and any related synonyms or antonyms. Reviewing your journal regularly will reinforce your memory and help you track your progress. Research by the Modern Language Journal suggests that vocabulary journals are an effective tool for language learners (Folse, 2004).

Be patient and persistent

Learning new words takes time and effort. Don't get discouraged if you don't understand a word immediately. Keep practicing and exploring different strategies until you find what works best for you. Remember, every step you take brings you closer to mastering the language.

Unlocking the meaning of new words is a rewarding part of language learning. By using these practical tips and staying motivated, you'll expand your vocabulary and gain confidence in your language skills.

Learn more language tips from our posts '8 things you should try to avoid when learning English' and 'The most commonly misspelled words in English'.

Improve your English skills with Mondly by Pearson

References

Folse, K. S. (2004). Vocabulary myths: Applying second language research to classroom teaching.

Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a second language: Moving from theory to practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 255-287.

 

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