What are the most spoken languages in the world?

Charlotte Guest
A group of friends backpacking outdoors smiling and embracing eachother
Reading time: 5 minutes

Have you ever wondered which world languages are spoken by the largest number of people globally? Whether you’re a language enthusiast or someone looking to learn a new language, understanding the most spoken languages around the world can be incredibly insightful. In this blog post, we’ll explore the top languages by number of speakers, shedding light on languages with the most native speakers and widely spoken languages globally.

Introduction to spoken languages

Spoken languages are a vital part of human communication, culture and identity. With over 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each language has its unique characteristics, nuances and significance. Understanding the most spoken languages globally provides valuable insights into geopolitics, economics and social dynamics. In this article, we will explore the top languages spoken in the world, their distribution and use.

Why knowing the most spoken languages matters

Knowing which languages are most popular worldwide can influence your language learning decisions. Enhancing your language skills in these widely spoken languages can significantly boost your communication abilities and cultural understanding. It can open up opportunities for travel, business and cultural exchange. Additionally, understanding global language popularity can give you a broader perspective of the world’s linguistic diversity.

Criteria for measuring language popularity

Measuring language popularity is a complex task that involves various factors, including the number of native speakers, global influence, and use as a second or foreign language. The criteria for measuring language popularity include:

  • Number of native speakers: This refers to the number of people who speak a language as their first or native language. Languages with the highest number of native speakers often have a significant cultural and historical impact.

  • Global influence: This measures the extent to which a language is used in international communication, business, science and diplomacy. Languages with a broad global influence are often used as lingua francas in various regions.

  • Use as a second or foreign language: This considers the number of people who speak a language as a second language or foreign language. Languages that are widely taught and learned around the world tend to have a larger speaking population.

By considering these criteria, we can better understand why certain languages are more prominent and widely spoken globally.

Top 10 most spoken languages in the world

Here’s a closer look at the ten most spoken languages by number of speakers:

When evaluating these languages, it's important to consider not just the number of native speakers but also the total number of language speakers, including those who speak it as a second language.

1. English

Speakers: Approximately 1.5 billion

Native speakers: Around 360 million

Regions: Widely spoken in the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania.

Highlights: English is the most widely spoken language worldwide when combining native and non-native speakers. It's the primary language in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. English is the dominant language in international business, science and technology.

2. Mandarin Chinese

Speakers: Over 1.1 billion

Native speakers: About 920 million

Regions: Mainly in China, Taiwan and Singapore

Highlights: Mandarin is the language with the largest number of native speakers. It's one of the six official languages of the United Nations and has a significant cultural and historical importance.

3. Hindi

Speakers: Around 600 million

Native speakers: Approximately 341 million

Regions: Predominantly in India and Nepal

Highlights: Hindi is predominantly spoken in India and Nepal, with approximately 341 million native speakers. It is one of the official languages of India and is spoken by a large portion of the Indian population. It has numerous dialects and is written in the Devanagari script.

4. Spanish

Speakers: Approximately 560 million

Native speakers: About 460 million

Regions: Spain, Latin America and parts of the United States

Highlights: Spanish is the official language in 21 countries and is widely spoken in the Americas. In many of these countries, Spanish serves as the national language, playing a crucial role in government, education and media. It’s known for its rich literature and cultural heritage.

5. French

Speakers: Around 280 million

Native speakers: About 77 million

Regions: France, parts of Africa, Canada, Belgium and Switzerland

Highlights: French is another of the six official languages of the United Nations. It's widely used in international diplomacy and has a significant number of speakers in Africa due to France's colonial history.

6. Arabic

Speakers: Approximately 270 million

Native speakers: Around 310 million

Regions: Middle East and North Africa

Highlights: Arabic is a central Semitic language that is the liturgical language of Islam. It has many dialects, with Modern Standard Arabic being used in formal settings and media. Arabic has numerous spoken forms, with significant variations in dialects across different regions.

7. Bengali

Speakers: Around 265 million

Native speakers: About 230 million

Regions: Bangladesh and parts of India

Highlights: Bengali is the official language of Bangladesh and the second most spoken language in India. Alongside other languages like Hindi and Urdu, Bengali plays a crucial role in the cultural and linguistic landscape of the region. It’s known for its rich literary tradition.

8. Portuguese

Speakers: Approximately 220 million

Native speakers: Around 220 million

Regions: Brazil, Portugal and parts of Africa

Highlights: Portuguese is mainly spoken in Brazil, which is the largest Portuguese-speaking country. It has a growing number of speakers in Africa.

9. Russian

Speakers: Around 258 million

Native speakers: Approximately 154 million

Regions: Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Highlights: Russian is one of the six official languages of the United Nations and is widely spoken in the former Soviet Union countries.

10. Japanese

Speakers: Approximately 128 million

Native speakers: Around 128 million

Regions: Japan

Highlights: Japanese is predominantly spoken in Japan and is known for its three writing systems—Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. It has a rich cultural history and is influential in technology and entertainment.

Conclusion

Understanding the most spoken languages in the world can provide valuable insights for language learners. Developing strong language skills in these world languages can open up numerous opportunities for travel, business and cultural exchange. Whether you’re looking to enhance your travel experiences, broaden your cultural horizons, or improve your career prospects, learning one of these widely spoken languages could be a significant advantage.

Ready to start your language learning journey? Learn a new language with Mondly by Pearson.

Frequently Asked Questions

More blogs from Pearson

  • Two business people standing together drawing on a notepad
    From first chat to offer letter: how PTE English simplifies admissions for international students
    By Alice Bazzi
    Reading time: 2 minutes

    Every step in the admissions process matters. For students, the journey from initial counselling to receiving an offer letter can feel overwhelming. For agents, delays and complications can often lead to missed deadlines and opportunities lost. The good news? PTE Express has recently been introduced and is designed to remove friction at every stage, making the process faster, simpler and more reliable for everyone involved.

    What slows down admissions success?

    Traditional English testing often introduces unnecessary friction. Students may have to travel to test centers, wait weeks for results or navigate complex booking systems. These delays create stress and a level of uncertainty, especially with international studies as there will be strict timelines. Agents know that every day counts; when scores do not arrive on time, applications stall, and the risk of students losing their place increases.

  • A teacher handing out papers to her students
    Elevating English Language teaching in the age of AI: Why the GSE matters more than ever
    By Nancy Reeves
    Reading time: 4 minutes

    Educators and schools share a common objective: to deliver high-quality learning experiences and support student success. As artificial intelligence rapidly transforms society, this objective becomes increasingly significant. English language instruction now requires preparing students to thrive in a globalized, digital and automated environment.

    The challenge: Teaching English amid rapid change

    Artificial intelligence has shifted expectations for language learning. Students now have access to instant translation, auto-generated texts, speech-to-text and various language applications. However, these tools can present challenges in the classroom. For instance, students may become overly dependent on instant translation rather than developing their own language proficiency. Educators must ensure that students engage in authentic learning rather than using technology to bypass difficult tasks. Additionally, some students may use AI to complete written assignments, hindering the development of their writing skills. These challenges underscore the need for schools to integrate technology thoughtfully while maintaining a focus on genuine learning.

    In response to these developments, it is essential to enhance both teaching and assessment practices. The emphasis should remain on teachers’ core strengths: guiding, mentoring and fostering critical thinking and communication skills that technology cannot replicate.

    Why standards matter more than ever

    In my role as a curriculum director, I recognized the critical importance of establishing clear standards and objectives. These standards serve as navigational tools, guiding instructional decisions and enabling timely adjustments in classroom practice. For example, if a teacher identifies a need to enhance students’ communication skills, they can incorporate additional group activities. Standards support educators in the following ways:

    • Understand what students can truly do at each proficiency level.
    • Measure progress in a meaningful, learner-centered way.
    • Build intentional learning pathways.
    • Design interventions based on evidence, not intuition.

    Upon discovering the GSE “Can Do” statements, I recognized a framework that is both transparent and practical. Unlike broad descriptors, the GSE delineates language learning into specific, measurable skills aligned with authentic English usage. For instance, rather than stating that a student can "understand basic spoken directions", the GSE specifies that a student can "follow detailed multi-step instructions in familiar contexts". This level of detail provides a clearer understanding of students’ actual capabilities.

    A shift in perspective: From measuring to understanding

    A key advantage of the GSE is its transformative approach to student assessment. The process begins by asking, “What can students do now? What should they work on next?” Research indicates that dividing tasks into manageable steps reduces student anxiety and increases motivation. This approach fosters a sense of accomplishment and self-efficacy, both of which are essential for sustained language acquisition.

    This shift is significant. It alleviates pressure on learners and promotes a deeper understanding of their strengths, learning preferences and challenges. Additionally, it equips teachers with actionable insights, encouraging the development of new strategies and evidence-based instructional decisions.

    Tiered intervention: Where the impact became visible

    At our school, we introduced the GSE to support students needing tiered intervention. The transformation was gradual but encouraging. For instance, at our school, we started using the GSE to help students who needed extra support. The changes took time, but we saw good results. In the first semester, 60% of students in the program improved their English by at least one level, as measured by the GSE "Can Do" statements.

    One student said, "For the first time, I felt like I was making real progress in understanding English." Teachers stopped using general support and focused on specific actions linked to the "Can Do" statements. Students kept improving in English and felt more confident as they reached clear goals. AI can generate text, translate, and simulate conversation, but cannot replace the teacher’s role in developing empathy and nuanced understanding.

    In one classroom moment, a student struggled to interpret the tone and emotion of a literary work, which AI could translate but could not fully convey the depth of feeling. The teacher stepped in and guided the class in exploring the subtleties of the text, illustrating the emotions, historical context, and cultural significance behind the words. This human interaction highlighted the teacher's unique ability to foster deeper comprehension and emotional intelligence.

    Frameworks such as the GSE ensure that language learning remains centered on student development and the human dimensions of education.

    Moving forward with purpose

    As artificial intelligence accelerates change, our responsibility is to utilize tools and frameworks that enhance, but do not supplant, the human aspects of learning.

    The GSE provides a structured approach to tracking progress, adapting to individual student needs and designing effective lessons.

    English teaching is not in competition with AI; it is growing alongside it. Good frameworks and thoughtful teaching help students learn language and succeed in a world where communication, flexibility and human connection are key. I encourage you to try the GSE in your classes or programs. By using this framework, we can make language learning more effective and inclusive for everyone. Let’s work together to help education grow with new technology.

  • Great-grandmother and child read book in park
    Learning my family language with Mondly by Pearson
    By Hannah Lawrence
    Reading time: 5 minutes

    Although I’ve worked as a copywriter and editor for most of my career, I’ve always struggled to learn any language other than English. I still remember the humiliation at school as our French teacher walked between the desks, asking each of my classmates if they would continue studying French at a higher level. When she reached my desk, she stopped, looked at me, shook her head, and moved on. I wasn’t even invited to try.