Contents
Preface
Part One: Writing Processes
1. Understanding Rhetorical Situations
Writing in College
Rhetorical Situations
Rhetorical Ecology
Responding to Situations
A Situation of Writing
2. Purpose and Audience
Writing Processes
Rhetorical Purpose
Audience
Transnational Audiences
Visuals, Audience, and Purpose
3. Generating Ideas
Strategies for Getting Started
Reading
Thinking
Questioning
Writing
Remembering
Wandering
Discussing
Viewing
Dramatizing
Experimenting
4. Drafting and Organizing
Strategies for Drafting
Strategies for Organizing
Organizing by Time
Organizing by Type of Content
Organizing by Trait
Spatial Organization
5. Revising
Stages of Revising
Revising Globally
Revising Locally
Revise Your Visuals
Use Feedback to Revise
Part Two: Thinking, Reading, and Viewing
6. Thinking
Thinking
Intellectual Standards
Logic and Logical Fallacies
Problem Solving
Active Thinking
Networked Thinking
Visual Thinking
7. Reading and Viewing
Reading
Strategies for Active Reading
Strategies for Viewing
Part Three: Writing Projects
8. Writing to Narrate
Narration
Annotated Example: David P. Bardeen, “Lives, Not Close Enough for Comfort”
Student Example: Summer Woods, “A Southern State of Mind”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Diane Hamill Metzger, “The Manipulation Game: Doing Life in Pennsylvania”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Visual Narrative: Matt Madden, from 99 Ways to Tell a Story: Exercises in Style
Mapping Your Situation
Literacy Narratives
Writing Projects
Essay ª Literacy Narrative ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Visual Narratives
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
9. Writing to Describe
Description
Annotated Example: Rachel Carson, From The Edge of the Sea
Student Example: Ndidi Madu, “NCAA Tournament Experience”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Jeffrey Tayler, “The Sacred Grove of Oshogbo.”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Mapping Your Situation
Search Engine Optimization
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Visuals That Describe
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
10. Writing to Inform
Informative Writing
Annotated Example: Contemporary Hispanic Biography, Celia Cruz
Student Example: Berthrude Albert, “The Stand Against Social Injustice: Projects For Haiti, Inc.”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Lisa Hix, “The Inside Scoop on the Fake Barf Industry.”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Mapping Your Situation
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Visuals that Inform
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
11. Writing to Respond
Writing to Respond
Annotated Example: David Leavitt, “Men in Love: Is Brokeback Mountain a Gay Film?”
Student Example: Alexandra Bargoot, Argument in Response to “Importance of Education Lost in the Mix”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Ta-Nehisi Coates, “Nothing is So Necessary for a Young Man…”.”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Two Common Organizational Strategies for Writing Responses
Mapping Your Situation
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
12. Writing to Analyze
Analysis
Annotated Example: Tim Collins, “Straight from the Heart.”
Student Example: Emilia Maria “Nicky” Cadiz, “The Jersey Shore and Harper’s Bazaar.”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Annalee Newitz, “When Will White People Stop Making Movies like ‘Avatar’?”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Mapping Your Situation
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Analyzing Visuals
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
13. Writing to Evaluate
Evaluation
Annotated Example: Edward C. Baig, “Review: Sony Tablet P Shows 2 Screens Aren't Better than 1.”
Student Example: Quang Ly, “Have You Been Bitten? Evaluating the Twilight Craze.”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Sean McCoy, “Square Water Bottle Raises $126K on Kickstarter: We Test It Out”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Developing Criteria for an Evaluation
Organizing an Evaluation
Mapping Your Situation
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Visuals and Evaluation
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
14. Writing to Argue
Argument
Formal Argumentation
Annotated Example: Pete Singer, “Animal Rights.”
Student Example: Lauren Brooke Horn, “The First-Year Dilemma: To Write or Not to Write?”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Tim Wise, “Whites Swim in Racial Preference.”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Organizational Approaches to Argument
Mapping Your Situation
Visuals and Argumentation
Student Visual Example: Ian Rowe, “A Day in the Life of Your Child on Adderall”
Student Visual Example: Hyesu Grace Kim, “Self-Portrait”
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Writing Process Guidelines
Seeking Feedback
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
15. Writing to Propose
Writing to Propose
Annotated Example: Joan Didion, “In Bed”
Student Example: Eric Trotta, “Handling the Snakehead Invasion”
The Road to a Strong Thesis
Example: Paul Goodman, “A Proposal to Abolish Grading.”
Side by Side
Prepare and Respond
Organizational Approaches for Writing to Propose
Mapping Your Situation
College Research and Topic Proposals
Writing Projects
Essay ª Visual ª Digital ª Research ª Radical Revision
Visuals and Proposals
Writing Process Guidelines
Thinking and Writing about the Chapter
Reflection ª Discussion Threads ª Collaborating ª Writing ª Local Situation
Part Four: Writing Visuals
16. Finding, Adapting, and Making Visuals
Processes for Finding, Adapting, and Making Visuals
Finding and Adapting
Ethics and Locating/Adapting Visuals
Making Visuals
Student Example: “The Roman Baths of England: A Visual History,” Mariah O’Toole
17. Designing Documents
Document Design
Before: Traditional Report Format
After: Report Design Makeover
Understanding Design Processes
Part Five: Writing Research
18. Planning and Conducting Research
Research
Developing a Research Plan
Attributing Research
Developing Criteria for Analyzing and Evaluating Sources
Conducting Research
Using Library Resources
Using Online Resources
Conducting Primary Research
19. Evaluating and Synthesizing Information
Taking Notes
Evaluating Sources
Synthesis
Synthesizing Research
Quoting Research
Paraphrasing Research
Summarizing Research
When to Quote, Paraphrase, and Summarize
Avoid Plagiarism
20. Presenting and Documenting Research
Student Example: Summer Woods, “From Protest to Resistance”
Developing a Research Plan
Locating and Evaluating Resources
Mapping Your Research
Attributing and Documenting Sources
21. Responding to Essay Exams
Writing College-Level Essay Exams
Preparing for Essay Exams
Taking Essay Exams
Credits
Index