Short Guide to Writing about Biology, A, 9th edition

Published by Pearson (January 7, 2015) © 2016

  • Jan A. Pechenik Tufts University

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For courses in Writing Across the Curriculum or Writing About Biology.
Developing the tools to effectively write about biologyTeaching biology and strong writing skills simultaneously is a challenge, especially when students exhibit a range of abilities. The Ninth Edition of A Short Guide to Writing about Biology provides tools to strengthen student writing and reinforce critical thinking.
Written by a prominent biologist, this best-selling guide teaches students to express ideas clearly and concisely. It emphasizes writing as a way of examining, evaluating, and refining ideas: students learn to read critically, study, evaluate and report data, and communicate with clarity.
Using a narrative style, the text is its own example of good analytical writing. In this new edition, students learn how to avoid plagiarism (Ch 1 and 3), read and interpret data (Ch 3, 4 and 9), prepare effective Materials and Methods sections in research reports and more (Ch 9), and prepare manuscripts for submission (Ch 9). The text also provides advice on locating useful sources (Ch 2), maintaining laboratory and field notebooks (Ch 9), communicating with different audiences (Ch 6 and 10), and crafting research proposals (Ch 10), poster presentations (Ch 11), and letters of application (Ch 12).
Also available with MyWritingLab™
This text is also available with MyWritingLab – an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program that provides engaging experiences for teaching and learning. Flexible and easily customizable, MyWritingLab helps improve students’ writing through context-based learning. Whether through self-study or instructor-led learning, MyWritingLab supports and complements course work.

A Short Guide to Writing about Biology provides:
Timeless Writing Advice
  • Offers extensive guidance for all aspects of writing for biologists at all stages of training, including research reports, essay exams, term papers, research proposals, summaries, critiques, poster presentations, oral presentations, and letters of application for jobs and graduate programs.
  • Includes extensive pedagogy in each chapter—helpful hints and end of chapter checklists and summaries facilitate peer review and help instructors to generate grading rubrics.
Insight into Working with Sources
  • Explains how biologists work, design studies, and think about the data they collect (Ch 1 and throughout).
  • Provides detailed advice on working with data, presenting data, and interpreting the results of statistical analyses (Ch 3 and 4).
  • Offers detailed advice about locating useful sources of information, both in print and on the web. Includes information on open access research journals (the DOAJ–Directory of Open Access Journals) as an area to explore for research sources (Ch 2)
  • REVISED! An expanded section on avoiding plagiarism (Ch 1 and 3).
  • REVISED! Updated drawings clarify how to read figures and interpret data (Ch 3).
  • REVISED! More information about citing references and listing them in the Literature Cited section of reports, including information about adding DOI’s (digital object identifiers) to references and how to cite online journals (Ch 5).
Tools to Improve Writing Skills
  • Guides students through the important process of creating effective oral presentations and poster presentations (Ch 11).
  • NEW! Offers advice on organizing talks and giving regular, short oral presentations in class based on a single graph or table from a research paper Ch 11).
  • Includes numerous “Technology Tips,” helping students to take better advantage of the computer technology available to them for writing, revising, graphing, calculating, and giving effective talks (throughout).
  • NEW! Features information on how to address controls and write a good Materials and Methods section of a laboratory report of research paper (Ch 9).
Preparing a Work for Submission
  • NEW! Includes material about preparing manuscripts for online submission (Ch 9).
  • NEW! Features content on writing effective figure captions (Ch 9).
  • NEW! Offers examples about building logical introductions that lead to the specific research question to be addressed (Ch 9).
Streamlined Organization
  • Begins each chapter with a brief overview of the main points to be covered in that chapter to let students know the key topics that they are expected to learn.
  • NEW! Includes more boldfacing, making it easier for students to locate advice of particular importance.
Also available with MyWritingLab™This text is also available with MyWritingLab – an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program that provides engaging experiences for teaching and learning. Flexible and easily customizable, MyWritingLab helps improve students’ writing through context-based learning. Whether through self-study or instructor-led learning, MyWritingLab supports and complements course work.
  • Writing at the Center. With the new composing space and Review Plan, MyWritingLab unites instructor comments and feedback on student writing with targeted remediation via rich multimedia activities, allowing students to learn from and through their own writing.  
  • Writing Help for Varying Skill Levels. For students who enter the course under-prepared, MyWritingLab identifies those who lack prerequisite skills for composition-level topics, and provides personalized remediation.
  • Proven Results. No matter how MyWritingLab is used, instructors have access to powerful gradebook reports, which provide visual analytics that give insight to course performance at the student, section, or even program level. 
 
A Short Guide to Writing about Biology:
  • Features an expanded section on avoiding plagiarism (Ch 1 and 3).
  • Includes updated drawings that clarify how to read figures and interpret data (Ch 3).
  • Provides more information about citing references and listing them in the Literature Cited section of reports, including information about adding DOI’s (digital object identifiers) to references and how to cite online journals (Ch 5).
  • Offers advice on organizing talks and giving regular, short oral presentations in class based on a single graph or table from a research paper Ch 11).
  • Features information on how to address controls and write a good Materials and Methods section of a laboratory report of research paper (Ch 9).
  • Includes material about preparing manuscripts for online submission (Ch 9).
  • Features content on writing effective figure captions (Ch 9).
  • Offers examples about building logical introductions that lead to the specific research question to be addressed (Ch 9).
  • Includes more boldfacing, making it easier for students to locate advice of particular importance.
Also available with MyWritingLab™
This text is also available with MyWritingLab – an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program that provides engaging experiences for teaching and learning. Flexible and easily customizable, MyWritingLab helps improve students’ writing through context-based learning. Whether through self-study or instructor-led learning, MyWritingLab supports and complements course work.
  • Writing at the Center. With the new composing space and Review Plan, MyWritingLab unites instructor comments and feedback on student writing with targeted remediation via rich multimedia activities, allowing students to learn from and through their own writing.  
  • Writing Help for Varying Skill Levels. For students who enter the course under-prepared, MyWritingLab identifies those who lack prerequisite skills for composition-level topics, and provides personalized remediation.
  • Proven Results. No matter how MyWritingLab is used, instructors have access to powerful gradebook reports, which provide visual analytics that give insight to course performance at the student, section, or even program level. 

Table of Contents

Part I General Advice about Writing and Reading Biology

  1. Introduction and General Rules
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • What Do Biologists Write About, and Why?
    • The Keys to Success
    • Avoiding Plagiarism
    • On Using Computers in Writing
    • On Using Computers for Data Storage, Analysis, and Presentation
    • Summary
    • Technology Tip 1. Using Shortcuts and AutoCorrect
  2. Locating Useful Sources
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Easy Ways to Access The Primary Literature
    • Using Indexes
    • Using Science Citation Index
    • Using Current Contents Connect
    • Using Medline and Other Databases
    • Prowling the Internet
    • Conducting Web Searches: Developing Productive Search Strategies
    • Final Thoughts About Efficient Searching: Technology Isn’t Everything
    • Closing Thoughts
    • Summary
    • Technology Tip 2. Using Search Engines E ffectively
  3. General Advice on Reading, Note Taking, and Avoiding Plagiarism
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Why Read and What to Read
    • Effective Reading
    • Reading Data: Plumbing the Depths of Figures and Tables
    • Take Notes in Your Own Words
    • Final Thoughts on Note Taking: Document Your Sources
    • Summary
  4. Reading and Writing About Statistical Analyses
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Statistical Essentials
    • Summary: Using Statistics to Test Hypotheses
    • Moving Beyond p-Values
    • Reading About Statistics
    • Writing About Statistics
    • Summary
  5. Citing Sources and Listing References
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Citing Sources
    • Summary of Citation Format Rules
    • Preparing the Literature Cited Section
    • A Sample Literature Cited Section
    • Technology Tip 3. Bibliographic Management S oftware
    • Technology Tip 4. Producing Hanging Indents
  6. Revising
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Preparing the Draft for Surgery: Plotting Idea Maps
    • Revising for Content
    • Revising for Clarity
    • Revising for Completeness
    • Revising for Conciseness
    • Revising for Flow
    • Revising for Teleology and Anthropomorphism
    • Revising For Spelling Errors
    • Revising for Grammar and Proper Word Usage
    • Becoming a Good Reviewer
    • Checklist
    • Technology Tip 5. Tracking Changes Made to Documents 115

Part II Guidelines for Specific Tasks

  • Prelude: Why Are You Writing Papers and Proposals and Giving Talks?
  1. Writing Summaries, Critiques, Essays,and Review Papers
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Writing Summaries and Critiques
    • Sample Student Summary
    • Writing Essays and Review Papers
    • Checklist for Essays and Review Papers
  2. Answering Essay Questions
    • Basic Principles
    • Applying the Principles
    • Summary
  3. Writing Laboratory and Other Research Reports
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Why Are You Doing This?
    • The Purpose of Laboratory and Field Notebooks
    • Components of the Research Report
    • Where to Start
    • When to Start
    • Writing the Materials and Methods Section
    • Writing The Results Section
    • Citing Sources
    • What to Do Next?
    • Writing the Discussion Section
    • Writing the Introduction Section
    • Talking About Your Study Organism or Field Site
    • Deciding on a Title
    • Writing an Abstract
    • Preparing an Acknowledgments Section
    • Preparing the Literature Cited Section
    • Preparing a Paper for Formal Publication
    • A Note About Co-Authorship
    • Checklist for the Final Draft
    • Technology Tip 6. Using Computer Spreadsheets for Data Collection
    • Technology Tip 7. Graphing with Excel
  4. Writing Research Proposals
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • What Are Reviewers Looking For?
    • Researching Your Topic
    • What Makes a Good Research Question?
    • Writing the Proposal
    • Tightening the Logic
    • The Life of a Real Research Proposal
    • Checklist
  5. Presenting Research Findings: Preparing Talks and Poster Presentations
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Oral Presentations
    • Writing the Talk
    • Giving the Talk
    • Dos and Don’ts for Oral Presentations
    • Common PowerPoint® Errors
    • Checklist for Being Judged
    • Poster Presentations
    • Checklist for Making Posters
  6. Writing Letters of Application
    • What Lies Ahead?
    • Before You Start
    • Preparing the CV
    • Preparing the Cover Letter
    • Getting Effective Letters of Recommendation

Appendix A Commonly Used Abbreviations

Appendix B Recommended Resources

Index

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