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Securing 5G and Evolving Architectures, 1st edition
Published by Addison-Wesley Professional (December 10, 2021) © 2022
- Pramod Nair
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SECURING and EVOLVING ARCHITECTURES
5G initiates a period of technological evolution where the benefits transcend faster data download speeds and enable services that will change the way we all live and consume technology. Leveraging 5G's openness, a new developer ecosystem is building breakthrough services that billions of people will consume, delivering immense value to enterprises and subscribers alike. For 5G to achieve its potential, organizations must embrace multi-layered security that goes far beyond 3GPP specifications. Now, leading security architect Pramod Nair helps network professionals climb the steep learning curve associated with securing 5G, fully understand its threat surfaces, systematically mitigate its risks, and maximize the value of their security investments.
This coherent, pragmatic, and vendor-agnostic guide will help students plan for security from the outset, make better choices throughout the lifecycle, and develop the mindset needed to secure new generations of networks. Students will find all they need: from high-level 5G security concepts to in-depth coverage of specific security controls, end-to-end architectural guidance, 5G security use cases, and cutting-edge “quantum proofing.” Throughout, practical examples and real-life scenarios help students apply Nair's insights.
Securing 5G and Evolving Architectures is for technical and management audiences at all levels of 5G experience—from enterprise and security architects to network engineers, cloud computing and data center professionals, to CSO and CTO teams.
- Explore new 5G security challenges—and external controls are still needed, even with recent 3GPP improvements
- Implement network component security controls for RAN, Transport, 5GC, and devices
- Safeguard Multi-Access Edge Compute (MEC), SDNs, virtualized 5G cores, and massive IOT
- Protect Public and Non-Public Networks (Private 5G) deployment scenarios
- Secure Critical Infrastructure, Vehicle to Everything (V2X), and Smart Factory use cases
- Optimize end-to-end 5G security architecture across all 5G domains based on zero trust
- Prioritize 5G security investments in service provider or enterprise environments
- Preview emerging 5G use cases and ML/AI-based security enhancements
- Explains the latest threats and mitigation techniques for different industries [Service Provider, public cloud provider, Defense, Health, Automotive, Critical IoT. etc.] based on the new use cases for 5G being deployed or planned to deploy by service providers
- Covers real-world case studies of security controls for deployment of 5G gathered from discussions and workshops with multiple service providers
- Addresses 5G threats and mitigation techniques for different methods of deploying 5G technology [Cloud RAN, Open RAN, Fixed Wireless Access, etc.] taking into consideration the latest developments in the 3GPP standards
- Intersection of hot topics: 5G and security
Foreword xv
Preface xvi
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Author xxii
Part I Evolution of Cellular Technologies to 5G, Security Enhancements, and Challenges
Chapter 1: Evolution from 4G to 5G 2
Mobile Network Evolution from 4G to 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Key 5G Features in 3GPP Releases.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Key 5G Advanced Features.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Chapter 2: Deployment Modes in 5G 26
5G NSA and SA Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5G Time-Sensitive Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5G Local Area Network–Type Service.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Private 5G/Non-Public Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Chapter 3: Securing 5G Infrastructure 56
3GPP 5G Security Enhancements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Security Challenges in 5G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Part II Securing 5G Architectures, Deployment Modes, and Use Cases
Chapter 4: Securing RAN and Transport Deployments in 5G 82
5G RAN and Transport Threats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Securing 5G RAN and Transport.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Real Scenario Case Study: Examples of Threat Surfaces and Their Mitigation. . 125
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Chapter 5: Securing MEC Deployments in 5G 142
Service Provider Network-Based MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Enterprise Network-Based MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
MEC Deployment Models.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Threat Surfaces in 5G MEC Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Securing 5G MEC.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Real Scenario Case Study: MEC Threats and Their Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . 217
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Chapter 6: Securing Virtualized 5G Core Deployments 234
A Brief Evolution of Virtualization in Telecommunications.. . . . . . . . . . . 235
Threats in Virtualized 5G Packet Core Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Securing Virtualized 5G Packet Core Deployments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Real Scenario Case Study: Virtualized 5GC Threats and Mitigation.. . . . . . . 281
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Chapter 7: Securing Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration in 5G 298
Network Slicing and Its Enablers—SDN and Orchestration. . . . . . . . . . 299
Threat Surfaces in 5G Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration Deployments.. . . 309
Mitigation of Threats.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Real Scenario Case Study: Threats in the 5G Network Slice, SDN, and Orchestration Deployments and Their Mitigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Chapter 8: Securing Massive IoT Deployments in 5G 376
Massive IoT–Based Threats in 5G.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
Securing mIoT Deployments in 5G Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Real Scenario Case Study: mIoT Threats and Their Mitigation.. . . . . . . . . 414
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Chapter 9: Securing 5G Use Cases 424
Secure 5G Smart Factory and Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Critical Infrastructure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
5G Vehicle-to-Everything (5G-V2X).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Standards and Associations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Key Acronyms.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
Part III End-to-End 5G Security Architecture and Prioritizing Security Investments
Chapter 10: Building Pragmatic End-to-End 5G Security Architecture 468
Foundations of 5G Security.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Key Tenets of 5G Security Architecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Chapter 11: Prioritizing 5G Security Investments 502
Method of Prioritizing Security Controls.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Acronyms Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Part IV Emerging Discussions
Chapter 12: 5G and Beyond 536
Adoption and Adaptability of 5G and Evolving Technologies.. . . . . . . . . 537
Convergence of Wi-Fi and Evolving Cellular Technologies.. . . . . . . . . . 539
Use of AI and ML in Securing 5G and Evolving Networks.. . . . . . . . . . . 543
Crypto Agility in 5G and Evolving Technologies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Summary.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Acronym Key.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
9780137457939, TOC, 10/27/2021
Pramod Nair is a Lead Security Architect at Cisco Systems focusing on service providers. During his 20 years of experience in the industry, Pramod has worked in multiple areas, including research and development, designing end-to-end mobile networks, and technical consulting on military and defense projects.
Among other responsibilities in his current role within Cisco, Pramod leads 5G Security Architecture, driving its adoption globally, and has been instrumental in architecting secure next-generation networks for customers across the globe. He is a regular speaker on the subject at large conferences and industry events.
Pramod is an active member of the security community. His role is to help mobile network providers, service providers, industry verticals, the national security and defense sectors, and other agencies dedicated to securing critical infrastructures. He is also deeply involved with industry trade organizations, has co-chaired the 5G security white paper within the 5GAmericas work group, and works with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on 5G security.
Pramod holds a patent in fraud detection and has published various white papers and articles covering security-related topics.
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