Routing TCP/IP: CCIE Professional Development, Volume 2, 2nd edition
Published by Cisco Press (September 2, 2016) © 2017
- Jennifer DeHaven Carroll
- Jeff Doyle
eTextbook
- Available for purchase from all major ebook resellers, including InformIT.com.
- To request a review copy, click on the "Request a Review Copy" button.
- A print text (hardcover or paperback)Â
- Free shipping
- Also available for purchase as an ebook from all major ebook resellers, including InformIT.com
Routing TCP/IP, Volume II, Second Edition covers TCP connections, message states, path attributes, interior routing protocol interoperation, neighbor connections, and much more. The authors present crucial knowledge for every professional who wants to manage routers to support network growth and change. The routing and switching techniques they cover are fundamental to all modern networks, and form the foundation of all CCIE tracks - making this book an outstanding resource for those seeking to earn Cisco's elite CCIE credential.
- A complete revision of the best-selling first edition, widely considered a premier text on exterior routing protocols
- A core textbook for modern CCIE preparation, and a practical reference for all network designers, administrators, and engineers (both Cisco and non-Cisco)
- Contains authoritative CCIE structured review and exercises for verification and validation
- Includes configuration and troubleshooting lessons that would cost thousands to learn in a classroom, plus many up-to-date examples and case studies
Introduction xxi
Chapter 1 Inter-Domain Routing Concepts 1
Early Inter-Domain Routing: The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) 1
   Origins of EGP 2
   Operation of EGP 3
       EGP Topology Issues 3
       EGP Functions 5
       Neighbor Acquisition Protocol 6
       Neighbor Reachability Protocol 8
       Network Reachability Protocol 10
   Shortcomings of EGP 15
The Advent of BGP 16
BGP Basics 17
Autonomous System Types 21
External and Internal BGP 22
Multihoming 29
   Transit AS Multihoming 30
   Stub AS Multihoming 31
   Multihoming and Routing Policies 36
   Multihoming Issues: Load Sharing and Load Balancing 36
   Multihoming Issues: Traffic Control 37
   Multihoming Issues: Provider-Assigned Addressing 40
Classless Inter-Domain Routing 41
   A Summarization Summary 41
   Classless Routing 43
   Summarization: The Good, the Bad, and the Asymmetric 47
   CIDR: Reducing Class B Address Space Depletion 50
   CIDR: Reducing Routing Table Explosion 50
   Managing and Assigning IPv4 Address Blocks 54
   CIDR Issues: Multihoming and Provider-Assigned Addresses 56
   CIDR Issues: Address Portability 58
   CIDR Issues: Provider-Independent Addresses 59
   CIDR Issues: Traffic Engineering 60
   CIDR Approaches Its Limits 62
   IPv6 Comes of Age 66
   Routing Table Explosion, Again 66
Looking Ahead 68
Review Questions 69
Chapter 2 Introduction to BGP 71
Who Needs BGP? 71
   Connecting to Untrusted Domains 71
   Connecting to Multiple External Neighbors 74
   Setting Routing Policy 79
   BGP Hazards 82
Operation of BGP 84
   BGP Message Types 85
       Open Message 85
       Keepalive Message 86
       Update Message 86
       Notification Message 87
   BGP Finite State Machine 87
       Idle State 88
       Connect State 89
       Active State 89
       OpenSent State 89
       OpenConfirm State 90
       Established State 90
   Path Attributes 90
       ORIGIN Attribute 92
       AS_PATH Attribute 92
       NEXT_HOP Attribute 97
       Weight 100
   BGP Decision Process 100
   BGP Message Formats 103
   Open Message 104
   Update Message 105
   Keepalive Message 108
   Notification Message 108
Configuring and Troubleshooting BGP Peering 110
   Case Study: EBGP Peering 110
   Case Study: EBGP Peering over IPv6 114
   Case Study: IBGP Peering 118
   Case Study: Connected Check and EBGP Multihop 127
   Case Study: Managing and Securing BGP Connections 136
Looking Ahead 142
Review Questions 143
Configuration Exercises 144
Troubleshooting Exercises 145
Chapter 3 BGP and NLRI 155
Configuring and Troubleshooting NLRI in BGP 155
   Injecting Prefixes with the network Statement 156
   Using the network mask Statement 160
   Injecting Prefixes with Redistribution 162
NLRI and IBGP 167
   Managing Prefixes in an IBGP Topology 168
   IBGP and IGP Synchronization 179
Advertising BGP NLRI into the Local AS 182
   Redistributing BGP NLRI into the IGP 182
   Case Study: Distributing NLRI in a Stub AS with IBGP 184
   Distributing NLRI in a Stub AS with Static Routes 193
   Advertising a Default Route to a Neighboring AS 196
Advertising Aggregate Routes with BGP 198
   Case Study: Aggregation Using Static Routes 199
   Aggregation Using the aggregate-address Statement 201
   ATOMIC_AGGREGATE and AGGREGATOR Attributes 207
   Using AS_SET with Aggregates 210
Looking Ahead 218
Review Questions 218
Configuration Exercises 219
Troubleshooting Exercises 223
Chapter 4 BGP and Routing Policies 237
Policy and the BGP Database 238
IOS BGP Implementation 249
   InQ and OutQ 249
   IOS BGP Processes 251
   NHT, Event, and the Open Processes 256
   Table Versions 258
Managing Policy Changes 267
   Clearing BGP Sessions 268
   Soft Reconfiguraton 269
   Route Refresh 274
Route Filtering Techniques 279
   Filtering Routes by NLRI 280
   Case Study: Using Distribute Lists 280
   Route Filtering with Extended ACLs 292
   Case Study: Using Prefix Lists 293
   Filtering Routes by AS_PATH 304
   Regular Expressions 304
       Literals and Metacharacters 305
       Delineation: Matching the Start and End of Lines 306
       Bracketing: Matching a Set of Characters 306
       Negating: Matching Everything Except a Set of Characters 306
       Wildcard: Matching Any Single Character 307
       Alternation: Matching One of a Set of Characters 307
       Optional Characters: Matching a Character That May or May Not Be There 307
       Repetition: Matching a Number of Repeating Characters 307
       Boundaries: Delineating Literals 308
       Putting It All Together: A Complex Example 308
   Case Study: Using AS-Path Filters 309
   Case Study: Setting Policy with Route Maps 314
   Filter Processing 322
Influencing the BGP Decision Process 323
   Case Study: Administrative Weights 325
   Case Study: Using the LOCAL_PREF Attribute 334
   Case Study: Using the MULTI_EXIT_DISC Attribute 343
   Case Study: Prepending the AS_PATH 366
   Case Study: Administrative Distances and Backdoor Routes 372
Controlling Complex Route Maps 379
   Continue Clauses 380
   Policy Lists 383
Looking Ahead 386
Review Questions 386
Configuration Exercises 388
Troubleshooting Exercises 392
Chapter 5 Scaling BGP 401
Scaling the Configuration 402
   Peer Groups 403
   Peer Templates 413
       Session Templates 414
       Policy Templates 419
   Communities 425
       Well-Known Communities 426
       Arbitrary Communities 434
       Using the AA:NN Format 443
       Expanded Community Lists 445
       Adding and Deleting Communities 460
       Extended Community Lists 472
Scaling BGP Functions 478
   Route Flap Dampening 479
   Outbound Route Filters (ORF) 486
   Next-Hop Tracking 496
   Fast External Fallover 509
   Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) 512
   BGP Prefix Independent Convergence (PIC) 523
       ADD-PATHS Capability 528
   Graceful Restart 538
   Maximum Prefixes 540
   Tuning BGP CPU 552
   Tuning BGP Memory 556
   BGP Transport Optimization 563
       Optimizing TCP 563
       Optimizing BGP Update Generation 568
       Optimizing TCP ACK Message Receipt 568
Scaling the BGP Network 569
   Private AS Numbers 569
   4-Byte AS Numbers 574
   IBGP and the N-Squared Problem 575
   Confederations 576
   Route Reflectors 592
Looking Ahead 606
Review Questions 607
Configuration Exercises 608
Troubleshooting Exercises 612
Chapter 6 Multiprotocol BGP 615
Multiprotocol Extensions to BGP 616
MBGP Support for the IPv6 Address Family 618
Configuring MBGP for IPv6 619
   IPv4 and IPv6 Prefixes over an IPv4 TCP Session 620
   Upgrading IPv4 BGP Configurations to the Address Family Format 629
   IPv4 and IPv6 over an IPv6 TCP Connection 631
   Dual Stack MBGP Connection 642
   Multihop Dual Stack MBGP Connection 647
   Mixed IPv4 and IPv6 Sessions 650
   Multiprotocol IBGP 654
   Case Study: Multiprotocol Policy Configuration 666
Looking Ahead 705
Review Questions 705
Configuration Exercises 706
   Question 1: 707
Troubleshooting Exercises 709
Chapter 7 Introduction to IP Multicast Routing 713
Requirements for IP Multicast 716
   IPv4 Multicast Addresses 717
   IPv6 Multicast Addresses 721
   Group Membership Concepts 724
       Joining and Leaving a Group 726
       Join Latency 726
       Leave Latency 727
       Group Maintenance 728
       Multiple Routers on a Network 728
   Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) 729
       IGMPv2 Host Functions 730
       IGMPv2 Router Functions 731
       IGMPv1 733
       IGMPv3 735
       IGMP Message Format 736
   Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) 742
   IGMP/MLD Snooping 745
   Cisco Group Management Protocol (CGMP) 749
Multicast Routing Issues 753
   Multicast Forwarding 754
   Multicast Routing 756
   Sparse Versus Dense Topologies 757
   Implicit Joins Versus Explicit Joins 758
   Source-Based Trees Versus Shared Trees 760
   Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) 761
   Multicast Scoping 763
       TTL Scoping 763
       Administrative Scoping 765
Looking Ahead 766
Recommended Reading 766
Review Questions 766
Configuration Exercises 768
Chapter 8 Protocol Independent Multicast 771
Introduction to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) 771
Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM) 773
   PIM-DM Basics 773
   Prune Overrides 779
   Unicast Route Changes 782
   PIM-DM Designated Routers 782
   PIM Forwarder Election 782
Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) 785
   PIM-SM Basics 786
   Finding the Rendezvous Point 787
       Bootstrap Protocol 787
       Auto-RP Protocol 789
       Embedded RP Addresses 790
   PIM-SM and Shared Trees 793
   Source Registration 796
   PIM-SM and Shortest Path Trees 803
   PIMv2 Message Formats 808
       PIMv2 Message Header Format 809
       PIMv2 Hello Message Format 810
       PIMv2 Register Message Format 811
       PIMv2 Register Stop Message Format 812
       PIMv2 Join/Prune Message Format 812
       PIMv2 Bootstrap Message Format 814
       PIMv2 Assert Message Format 815
       PIMv2 Graft Message Format 816
       PIMv2 Graft-Ack Message Format 816
       Candidate-RP-Advertisement Message Format 817
Configuring IP Multicast Routing 817
   Case Study: Configuring Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM) 819
   Configuring Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) 828
       Case Study: Statically Configuring the RP 829
       Case Study: Configuring Auto-RP 837
       Case Study: Configuring Sparse-Dense Mode 845
       Case Study: Configuring the Bootstrap Protocol 849
   Case Study: Multicast Load Sharing 856
Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing 863
   Using mrinfo 865
   Using mtrace and mstat 867
Looking Ahead 872
Recommended Reading 872
Review Questions 873
Configuration Exercises 873
Troubleshooting Exercises 876
Chapter 9 Scaling IP Multicast Routing 881
Multicast Scoping 881
Case Study: Multicasting Across Non-Multicast Domains 885
Connecting to DVMRP Networks 888
Inter-AS Multicasting 891
   Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP) 894
   Operation of Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) 896
   MSDP Message Formats 898
       Source Active TLV 898
       Source Active Request TLV 899
       Source Active Response TLV 900
       Keepalive TLV 900
       Notification TLV 900
Case Study: Configuring MBGP 902
Case Study: Configuring MSDP 908
Case Study: MSDP Mesh Groups 913
Case Study: Anycast RP 917
Case Study: MSDP Default Peers 923
Looking Ahead 926
Review Questions 926
Configuration Exercise 927
Chapter 10 IPv4 to IPv4 Network Address Translation (NAT44) 931
Operation of NAT44 932
   Basic NAT Concepts 932
   NAT and IP Address Conservation 934
   NAT and ISP Migration 937
   NAT and Multihomed Autonomous Systems 938
   Port Address Translation (PAT) 940
   NAT and TCP Load Distribution 942
   NAT and Virtual Servers 944
NAT Issues 944
   Header Checksums 945
   Fragmentation 945
   Encryption 945
   Security 946
   Protocol-Specific Issues 946
       ICMP 947
       DNS 948
       FTP 951
       SMTP 953
       SNMP 953
       Routing Protocols 953
       Traceroute 953
Configuring NAT44 955
   Case Study: Static NAT 955
   NAT44 and DNS 962
   Case Study: Dynamic NAT 964
   Case Study: A Network Merger 969
   Case Study: ISP Multihoming with NAT 975
   Port Address Translation 980
   Case Study: TCP Load Balancing 982
   Case Study: Service Distribution 984
   Troubleshooting NAT44 986
Looking Ahead 988
Review Questions 989
Configuration Exercises 989
Troubleshooting Exercises 991
Chapter 11 IPv6 to IPv4 Network Address Translation (NAT64) 995
Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (SIIT) 997
   IPv4/IPv6 Header Translation 999
   ICMP/ICMPv6 Translation 1002
   Fragmentation and PMTU 1005
   Upper-Layer Header Translation 1006
Network Address Translation with Port Translation (NAT-PT) 1007
   Operation of NAT-PT 1008
   Configuring NAT-PT 1010
   Why Is NAT-PT Obsolete? 1029
Stateless NAT64 1031
   Operation of Stateless NAT64 1031
   Configuration of Stateless NAT64 1036
   Limitations of NAT64 1038
Stateful NAT64 1038
   Operation of Stateful NAT64 1038
   Configuration of Stateful NAT64 1041
   Limitations of Stateful NAT64 1043
Looking Ahead 1043
Review Questions 1044
Configuration Exercise 1044
   Configuration Exercise Premise 1045
Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 1047
Appendix B (online) Answers to Configuration Exercises
Appendix C (online) Answers to Troubleshooting Exercises
Â
9781587054709Â Â TOCÂ Â 8/4/2016
Â
Jeff Doyle, CCIE No. 1919, is vice president of research at Fishtech Labs. Specializing in IP routing protocols, SDN/NFV, data center fabrics, MPLS, and IPv6, Jeff has designed or assisted in the design of large-scale IP service provider and enterprise networks in 26 countries over 6 continents. He worked with early IPv6 adopters in Japan, China, and South Korea, and has advised service providers, government agencies, military contractors, equipment manufacturers, and large enterprises on best-practice IPv6 deployment. He now advises large enterprises on evolving data center infrastructures, SDN, and SD-WAN.
Jeff is the author of CCIE Professional Development: Routing TCP/IP, Volumes I and II and OSPF and IS-IS: Choosing an IGP for Large-Scale Networks; a co-author of Software Defined Networking: Anatomy of OpenFlow; and an editor and contributing author of Juniper Networks Routers: The Complete Reference. He also writes for Forbes and blogs for both Network World and Network Computing. Jeff is one of the founders of the Rocky Mountain IPv6 Task Force, is an IPv6 Forum Fellow, and serves on the executive board of the Colorado chapter of the Internet Society (ISOC).
Jeff lives in Westminster, Colorado, with his wife Sara and a Sheltie named Max, the Forrest Gump of the dog world. Jeff and Sara count themselves especially fortunate that their four grown children and a growing herd of grandchildren all live within a few miles.
Need help? Get in touch