Laboratory Manual for Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 7th edition

Charles H. Corwin American River College

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For lab courses in introductory, preparatory, and basic chemistry.

A proven format for the chemistry laboratory

Corwin's Laboratory Manual for Introductory Chemistry offers a proven format of a pre-laboratory assignment, a stepwise procedure and a post-laboratory assignment while emphasizing environmental considerations. The lab manual can be packaged with any Pearson Intro Prep Chemistry book.

The 7th Edition continues to evolve with increased sensitivity to environmental and safety concerns. Recycle icons in the margin of each procedure alert students to recycle chemical waste, and green chemical indicators remind students to use the appropriate waste containers to dispose of chemicals.

Hallmark features of this title

Objective sets help students focus on experimental activities.
Equipment and chemical lists organize the experimental materials.
Discussions include example exercises to show students how to perform the calculations associated with each quantitative procedure.
Time-tested procedures and unknowns help students build confidence and an appreciation for chemistry in the laboratory.
Alerts to procedures that should be performed carefully and pre-laboratory questions regarding safety are provided. Operations that present even minimal danger have been avoided.
Environmentally friendly chemicals that do not contain lead, mercury, chromium, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride are used.

New, updated and additional features of this title

Environmental Icons alert students to recycle chemical waste.
Instructor Demonstrations help reduce chemical waste.
Experimental Procedures simplify tasks and provide a better workflow.
UPDATED: Pre-laboratory Assignments are detachable, can be submitted to the instructor before starting an experiment and help students prepare for the experiment .
Post-laboratory Assignments synthesize the principles in an experiment, are detachable and can be submitted to the instructor after finishing the experiment.
Line art illustrations demonstrate techniques for reading a metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer, and buret; plus instructions for using a laboratory burner, platform balance, beam balance, electronic balance, and volumetric pipet.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
LOCKER INVENTORY
WASTE DISPOSAL
EXPERIMENTS

1. Introduction to Chemistry

Topic: The Scientific Method
A. Instructor Demonstrations
B. Student Experiments

2. Instrumental Measurements

Topic: The Metric System
A. Length Measurement
B. Mass Measurement
C. Mass and Volume of an unknown solid
D. Volume Measurements
E. Temperature Measurements

3. Density of Liquids and Solids

Topic: Density
A. Instructor Demonstration-Density
B. Density of Water
C. Density of an Unknown Liquid
D. Density of a Rubber Stopper
E. Density of an Unknown Solid
F. Thickness of Aluminum Foil

4. Freezing Point and Melting Points

Topic: Change of Physical State
A. Cooling Curve and Freezing Point
B. Melting Point of an Unknown

5. Physical Properties and Chemical Properties

Topic: Physical and Chemical Properties
A. Instructor Demonstrations
B. Observation of Elements
C. Physical Properties
D. Chemical Properties

6. “Atomic Fingerprints”

Topic: Emission Spectra and Electron Energy Levels
A. Continuous Spectrum — White Light
B. Line Spectrum — Hydrogen
C. Line Spectra — Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Mercury
D. Identifying Unknown Elements in a Fluorescent Light

7. Families of Elements

Topic: The Periodic Table
A. Analysis of Known Solutions
B. Analysis of an Unknown Solution

8. Identifying Cations in Solution

Topic: Qualitative Cation Analysis
A. Analysis of a Known Cation Solution
B. Analysis of an Unknown Cation Solution

9. Identifying Anions in Solution

Topic: Qualitative Anion Analysis
A. Analysis of a Known Anion Solution
B. Analysis of an Unknown Anion Solution

10. Analysis of a Penny

Topic: Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
A. Instructor Demonstrations-Combination Reactions
B. Decomposition Reactions
C. Single-Replacement Reactions
D. Double-Replacement Reactions
E. Neutralization Reactions
F. Percentages of Copper and Zinc in a Penny

11. Determination of Avogadro’s Number

Topic: Avogadro’s Number and the Mole Concept
A. Calibrating a Dropper Pipet
B. Calculating Molecules in the Monolayer
C. Determining Avogadro’s Number

12. Empirical Formulas of Compounds

Topic: Empirical Formula
A. Empirical Formula of Magnesium Oxide
B. Empirical Formula of Copper Sulfide

13. Analysis of Alum

Topic: Percent Composition and Empirical Formula
A. Percentage of Water in Alum Hydrate
B. Percentage of Water in an Unknown Hydrate
C. Water of Crystallization in an Unknown Hydrate

14. Decomposing Baking Soda

Topic: Mass—Mass Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
A. Percent Yield of Na₂CO₃ from Baking Soda
B. Percentage of NaHCO₃ in an Unknown Mixture

15. Precipitating Calcium Phosphate

Topic: Mass—Mass Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
A. Percent Yield of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ from CaCl₂
B. Percentage of CaCl₂ in an Unknown Mixture

16. Generating Hydrogen Gas

Topic: Mass—Volume Stoichiometry and Combined Gas Law
A. Molar Volume of Hydrogen Gas
B. Atomic Mass of an Unknown Metal

17. Generating Oxygen Gas

Topic: Mass—Volume Stoichiometry and Combined Gas Law
A. Percentage of KClO₃ in a Known Mixture
B. Percentage of KClO₃ in an Unknown Mixture

18. Molecular Models and Chemical Bonds

Topic: Structural and Electron Dot Formulas
A. Molecular Models with Single Bonds
B. Molecular Models with Double Bonds
C. Molecular Models with Triple Bonds
D. Molecular Models with Two Double Bonds
E. Unknown Molecular Models

19. Analysis of Saltwater

Topic: Solubility and Solution Concentration
A. Instructor Demonstration — Supersaturation
B. Solutes and Solvents
C. Rate of Dissolving
D. Concentration of Sodium Chloride in Saltwater

20. Analysis of Vinegar

Topic: Acid—Base Titrations
A. Preparation of Standard Sodium Hydroxide Solution
B. Concentration of Acetic Acid in Vinegar

21. Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions

Topic: Net Ionic Equations
A. Conductivity Testing–Evidence for Ions in Aqueous Solution
B. Conductivity Testing–Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
C. Net Ionic Equations–A Study Assignment

22. Activity Series of Metals

Topic: Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions
A. Oxidation Numbers of Iron
B. Oxidation Numbers of Manganese
C. Oxidation Numbers of Sulfur
D. Oxidation Numbers of Nitrogen
E. Oxidation—Reduction Equations—A Study Assignment
F. Activity Series and an Unknown Metal

23. Organic Models and Classes of Compounds

Topic: Structural Formulas of Molecular Models
A. Molecular Models of Hydrocarbons
B. Molecular Models of Hydrocarbon Derivatives
C. Unknown Molecular Models

24. Separation of Food Colors and Amino Acids

Topic: Paper Chromatography
A. Separation of Food Colors by Paper Chromatography
B. Identification of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography

25. Laboratory Instruments and Technique

Topic: Lab Final Exam
A. Lab Practical Exam
B. Lab Written Exam

APPENDICES

A. Laboratory Burner
B. Decigram Balance
C. Centigram Balance
D. Milligram Balance
E. Volumetric Pipet
F. VActivity Series for Metals
G. Solubility Rules
H. Laboratory Notebook
I. Glossary
J. Answers to Prelaboratory Assignments

About our author

Charles H. Corwin has spent over 30 years teaching chemistry to over 12,000 students. He has taught general chemistry, organic chemistry, and quantitative analysis, but has focused primarily on introductory chemistry for the personal rewards it offers.

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