IPv6 Security, 1st edition
Published by Cisco Press (December 11, 2008) © 2009
- Scott Hogg
- Eric Vyncke
- A print text (hardcover or paperback)Â
- Free shipping
- Also available for purchase as an ebook from all major ebook resellers, including InformIT.com
IPv6 Security
Protection measures for the next Internet Protocol
As the world’s networks migrate to the IPv6 protocol, networking professionals need a clearer understanding of the security risks, threats, and challenges this transition presents. In IPv6 Security, two of the world’s leading Internet security practitioners review each potential security issue introduced by IPv6 networking and present today’s best solutions.
IPv6 Security offers guidance for avoiding security problems prior to widespread IPv6 deployment. The book covers every component of today’s networks, identifying specific security deficiencies that occur within IPv6 environments and demonstrating how to combat them.
The authors describe best practices for identifying and resolving weaknesses as you maintain a dual stack network. Then they describe the security mechanisms you need to implement as you migrate to an IPv6-only network. The authors survey the techniques hackers might use to try to breach your network, such as IPv6 network reconnaissance, address spoofing, traffic interception, denial of service, and tunnel injection.
The authors also turn to Cisco® products and protection mechanisms. You learn how to use Cisco IOS® and ASA firewalls and ACLs to selectively filter IPv6 traffic. You also learn about securing hosts with Cisco Security Agent 6.0 and about securing a network with IOS routers and switches. Multiple examples are explained for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris hosts. The authors offer detailed examples that are consistent with today’s best practices and easy to adapt to virtually any IPv6 environment.
Scott Hogg, CCIE® No. 5133, is Director of Advanced Technology Services at Global Technology Resources, Inc. (GTRI). He is responsible for setting the company’s technical direction and helping it create service offerings for emerging technologies such as IPv6. He is the Chair of the Rocky Mountain IPv6 Task Force.
Eric Vyncke, Cisco Distinguished System Engineer, consults on security issues throughout Europe. He has 20 years’ experience in security and teaches security seminars as a guest professor at universities throughout Belgium. He also participates in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and has helped several organizations deploy IPv6 securely.
- Understand why IPv6 is already a latent threat in your IPv4-only network
- Plan ahead to avoid IPv6 security problems before widespread deployment
- Identify known areas of weakness in IPv6 security and the current state of attack tools and hacker skills
- Understand each high-level approach to securing IPv6 and learn when to use each
- Protect service provider networks, perimeters, LANs, and host/server connections
- Harden IPv6 network devices against attack
- Utilize IPsec in IPv6 environments
- Secure mobile IPv6 networks
- Secure transition mechanisms in use during the migration from IPv4 to IPv6
- Monitor IPv6 security
- Understand the security implications of the IPv6 protocol, including issues related to ICMPv6 and the IPv6 header structure
- Protect your network against large-scale threats by using perimeter filtering techniques and service provider–focused security practices
- Understand the vulnerabilities that exist on IPv6 access networks and learn solutions for mitigating each
This security book is part of the Cisco Press® Networking Technology Series. Security titles from Cisco Press help networking professionals secure critical data and resources, prevent and mitigate network attacks, and build end-to-end self-defending networks.
Category: Networking: Security
Covers: IPv6 Security
   Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction to IPv6 Security
Reintroduction to IPv6 3
IPv6 Update 6
IPv6 Vulnerabilities 7
Hacker Experience 8
IPv6 Security Mitigation Techniques 9
Summary
Recommended Readings and Resources
Chapter 2 IPv6 Protocol Security Vulnerabilities
The IPv6 Protocol Header
   ICMPv6
       ICMPv6 Functions and Message Types
       ICMPv6 Attacks and Mitigation Techniques
   Multicast Security
Extension Header Threats
   Extension Header Overview
   Extension Header Vulnerabilities
   Hop-by-Hop Options Header and Destination Options Header
       IPv6 Extension Header Fuzzing
       Router Alert Attack
   Routing Headers
       RH0 Attack
       Preventing RH0 Attacks
       Additional Router Header Attack Mitigation Techniques
   Fragmentation Header
       Overview of Packet Fragmentation Issues
       Fragmentation Attacks
       Preventing Fragmentation Attacks
       Virtual Fragment Reassembly
   Unknown Option Headers
   Upper-Layer Headers
Reconnaissance on IPv6 Networks
   Scanning and Assessing the Target
       Registry Checking
       Automated Reconnaissance
   Speeding Up the Scanning Process
       Leveraging Multicast for Reconnaissance
       Automated Reconnaissance Tools
       Sniffing to Find Nodes
       Neighbor Cache
       Node Information Queries
   Protecting Against Reconnaissance Attacks
Layer 3 and Layer 4 Spoofing
Summary
References
Chapter 3 IPv6 Internet Security
Large-Scale Internet Threats
   Packet Flooding
   Internet Worms
       Worm Propagation
       Speeding Worm Propagation in IPv6
       Current IPv6 Worms
       Preventing IPv6 Worms
   Distributed Denial of Service and Botnets
       DDoS on IPv6 Networks
       Attack Filtering
       Attacker Traceback
       Black Holes and Dark Nets
Ingress/Egress Filtering
   Filtering IPv6 Traffic
   Filtering on Allocated Addresses
   Bogon Filtering
   Bogon Filtering Challenges and Automation
Securing BGP Sessions
   Explicitly Configured BGP Peers
   Using BGP Session Shared Secrets
   Leveraging an IPsec Tunnel
   Using Loopback Addresses on BGP Peers
   Controlling the Time-to-Live (TTL) on BGP Packets
   Filtering on the Peering Interface
   Using Link-Local Peering
       Link-Local Addresses and the BGP Next-Hop Address
       Drawbacks of Using Link-Local Addresses
   Preventing Long AS Paths
   Limiting the Number of Prefixes Received
   Preventing BGP Updates Containing Private AS Numbers
   Maximizing BGP Peer Availability
       Disabling Route-Flap Dampening
       Disabling Fast External Fallover
       Enabling Graceful Restart and Route Refresh or Soft Reconfiguration
       BGP Connection Resets
   Logging BGP Neighbor Activity
   Securing IGP
   Extreme Measures for Securing Communications Between BGP Peers
IPv6 over MPLS Security
   Using Static IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels Between PE Routers
   Using 6PE
   Using 6VPE to Create IPv6-Aware VRFs
Customer Premises Equipment
Prefix Delegation Threats
   SLAAC
   DHCPv6
Multihoming Issues
Summary
References
Chapter 4 IPv6 Perimeter Security
IPv6 Firewalls
   Filtering IPv6 Unallocated Addresses
   Additional Filtering Considerations
       Firewalls and IPv6 Headers
       Inspecting Tunneled Traffic
       Layer 2 Firewalls
       Firewalls Generate ICMP Unreachables
       Logging and Performance
   Firewalls and NAT
Cisco IOS Router ACLs
   Implicit IPv6 ACL Rules
   Internet ACL Example
   IPv6 Reflexive ACLs
Cisco IOS Firewall
   Configuring IOS Firewall
   IOS Firewall Example
   IOS Firewall Port-to-Application Mapping for IPv6
Cisco PIX/ASA/FWSM Firewalls
   Configuring Firewall Interfaces
   Management Access
   Configuring Routes
   Security Policy Configuration
   Object Group Policy Configuration
   Fragmentation Protection
   Checking Traffic Statistics
   Neighbor Discovery Protocol Protections
Summary
References
Chapter 5 Local Network Security
Why Layer 2 Is Important
ICMPv6 Layer 2 Vulnerabilities for IPv6
   Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Issues
   Neighbor Discovery Issues
   Duplicate Address Detection Issues
   Redirect Issues
ICMPv6 Protocol Protection
   Secure Neighbor Discovery
   Implementing CGA Addresses in Cisco IOS
   Understanding the Challenges with SEND
Network Detection of ICMPv6 Attacks
   Detecting Rogue RA Messages
   Detecting NDP Attacks
Network Mitigation Against ICMPv6 Attacks
   Rafixd
   Reducing the Target Scope
   IETF Work
   Extending IPv4 Switch Security to IPv6
Privacy Extension Addresses for the Better and the Worse
DHCPv6 Threats and Mitigation
   Threats Against DHCPv6
   Mitigating DHCPv6 Attacks
       Mitigating the Starvation Attack
       Mitigating the DoS Attack
       Mitigating the Scanning
       Mitigating the Rogue DHCPv6 Server
Point-to-Point Link
Endpoint Security
Summary
References
Chapter 6 Hardening IPv6 Network Devices
Threats Against Network Devices
Cisco IOS Versions
Disabling Unnecessary Network Services
   Interface Hardening
Limiting Router Access
   Physical Access Security
   Securing Console Access
   Securing Passwords
   VTY Port Access Controls
   AAA for Routers
   HTTP Access
IPv6 Device Management
   Loopback and Null Interfaces
   Management Interfaces
   Securing SNMP Communications
Threats Against Interior Routing Protocol
   RIPng Security
   EIGRPv6 Security
   IS-IS Security
   OSPF Version 3 Security
First-Hop Redundancy Protocol Security
   Neighbor Unreachability Detection
   HSRPv6
   GLBPv6
Controlling Resources
   Infrastructure ACLs
   Receive ACLs
   Control Plane Policing
QoS Threats
Summary
References
Chapter 7 Server and Host Security
IPv6 Host Security
   Host Processing of ICMPv6
   Services Listening on Ports
       Microsoft Windows
       Linux
       BSD
       Sun Solaris
   Checking the Neighbor Cache
       Microsoft Windows
       Linux
       BSD
       Sun Solaris
   Detecting Unwanted Tunnels
       Microsoft Windows
       Linux
       BSD
       Sun Solaris
   IPv6 Forwarding
       Microsoft Windows
       Linux
       BSD
       Sun Solaris
   Address Selection Issues
       Microsoft Windows
       Linux
       BSD
       Sun Solaris
Host Firewalls
   Microsoft Windows Firewall
   Linux Firewalls
   BSD Firewalls
       OpenBSD Packet Filter
       ipfirewall
       IPFilter
   Sun Solaris
Securing Hosts with Cisco Security Agent 6.0
Summary
References
Chapter 8 IPsec and SSL Virtual Private Networks
IP Security with IPv6
   IPsec Extension Headers
   IPsec Modes of Operation
   Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
       IKE Version 2
   IPsec with Network Address Translation
   IPv6 and IPsec
Host-to-Host IPsec
Site-to-Site IPsec Configuration
   IPv6 IPsec over IPv4 Example
       Configuring IPv6 IPsec over IPv4
       Verifying the IPsec State
       Adding Some Extra Security
       Dynamic Crypto Maps for Multiple Sites
   IPv6 IPsec Example
       Configuring IPsec over IPv6
       Checking the IPsec Status
   Dynamic Multipoint VPN
       Configuring DMVPN for IPv6
       Verifying the DMVPN at the Hub
       Verifying the DMVPN at the Spoke
Remote Access with IPsec
SSL VPNs
Summary
References
Chapter 9 Security for IPv6 Mobility
Mobile IPv6 Operation
MIPv6 Messages
   Indirect Mode
   Home Agent Address Determination
   Direct Mode
Threats Linked to MIPv6
   Protecting the Mobile Device Software
   Rogue Home Agent
   Mobile Media Security
   Man-in-the-Middle Threats
   Connection Interception
   Spoofing MN-to-CN Bindings
   DoS Attacks
Using IPsec with MIPv6
Filtering for MIPv6
   Filters at the CN
   Filters at the MN/Foreign Link
   Filters at the HA
Other IPv6 Mobility Protocols
   Additional IETF Mobile IPv6 Protocols
   Network Mobility (NEMO)
   IEEE .16e
   Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Summary
References
Chapter 10 Securing the Transition Mechanisms
Understanding IPv4-to-IPv6 Transition Techniques
   Dual-Stack
   Tunnels
       Configured Tunnels
       6to4 Tunnels
       ISATAP Tunnels
       Teredo Tunnels
       6VPE
   Protocol Translation
Implementing Dual-Stack Security
   Exploiting Dual-Stack Environment
   Protecting Dual-Stack Hosts
Hacking the Tunnels
   Securing Static Tunnels
   Securing Dynamic Tunnels
       6to4
       ISATAP
       Teredo
   Securing 6VPE
Attacking NAT-PT
IPv6 Latent Threats Against IPv4 Networks
Summary
References
Chapter 11 Security Monitoring
Managing and Monitoring IPv6 Networks
   Router Interface Performance
   Device Performance Monitoring
       SNMP MIBs for Managing IPv6 Networks
       IPv6-Capable SNMP Management Tools
       NetFlow Analysis
   Router Syslog Messages
   Benefits of Accurate Time
Managing IPv6 Tunnels
Using Forensics
Using Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
   Cisco IPS Version 6.1
   Testing the IPS Signatures
Managing Security Information with CS-MARS
Managing the Security Configuration
Summary
References
Chapter 12 IPv6 Security Conclusions
Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 Security
   Similarities Between IPv4 and IPv6
   Differences Between IPv4 and IPv6
Changing Security Perimeter
Creating an IPv6 Security Policy
   Network Perimeter
   Extension Headers
   LAN Threats
   Host and Device Hardening
   Transition Mechanisms
   IPsec
   Security Management
On the Horizon
Consolidated List of Recommendations
Summary
References
Â
Â
1587055945Â Â Â TOCÂ Â Â 11/25/2008
Scott Hogg, CCIE No. 5133, has been a network computing consultant for more than 17 years. Scott provides network engineering, security consulting, and training services, focusing on creating reliable, high-performance, secure, manageable, and cost-effective network solutions. He has a bachelor’s degree in computer science from Colorado State University and a master’s degree in telecommunications from the University of Colorado. In addition to his CCIE he has his CISSP (No. 4610) and many other vendor and industry certifications. Scott has designed, implemented, and troubleshot networks for many large enterprises, service providers, and government organizations. For the past eight years, Scott has been researching IPv6 technologies. Scott has written several white papers on IPv6 and has given numerous presentations and demonstrations of IPv6 technologies. He is also currently the chair of the Rocky Mountain IPv6 Task Force and the Director of Advanced Technology Services at Global Technology Resources, Inc. (GTRI), a Cisco Gold partner headquartered in Denver, Colorado.
Eric Vynckeis a Distinguished System Engineer for Cisco working as a technical consultant for security covering Europe. His main area of expertise for 20 years has been security from Layer 2 to applications. He has helped several organizations deploy IPv6 securely. For the past eight years, Eric has participated in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (he is the author of RFC 3585). Eric is a frequent speaker at security events (notably Cisco Live [formerly Networkers]) and is also a guest professor at Belgian Universities for security seminars. He has a master’s degree in computer science engineering from the University of Liège in Belgium. He worked as a research assistant in the same university before joining Network Research Belgium, where he was the head of R&D; he then joined Siemens as a project manager for security projects including a proxy firewall. He coauthored the Cisco Press book LAN Switch Security: What Hackers Know About Your Switches. He is CISSP No. 75165.
Need help? Get in touch
Play
Pearson eTextbook: What’s on the inside just might surprise you
They say you can’t judge a book by its cover. It’s the same with your students. Meet each one right where they are with an engaging, interactive, personalized learning experience that goes beyond the textbook to fit any schedule, any budget, and any lifestyle.Â
Digital Learning NOW
Extend your professional development and meet your students where they are with free weekly Digital Learning NOW webinars. Attend live, watch on-demand, or listen at your leisure to expand your teaching strategies. Earn digital professional development badges for attending a live session.