Part I. Ancient Mathematics
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1. Egypt and Mesopotamia
1.1 Egypt
1.2 Mesopotamia
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2. The Beginnings of Mathematics in Greece
2.1 The Earliest Greek Mathematics
2.2 The Time of Plato
2.3 Aristotle
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3. Euclid
3.1 Introduction to the Elements
3.2 Book I and the Pythagorean Theorem
3.3 Book II and Geometric Algebra
3.4 Circles and the Pentagon
3.5 Ratio and Proportion
3.6 Number Theory
3.7 Irrational Magnitudes
3.8 Solid Geometry and the Method of Exhaustion
3.9 Euclid’s Data
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4. Archimedes and Apollonius
4.1 Archimedes and Physics
4.2 Archimedes and Numerical Calculations
4.3 Archimedes and Geometry
4.4 Conic Sections Before Apollonius
4.5 The Conics of Apollonius
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5. Mathematical Methods in Hellenistic Times
5.1 Astronomy Before Ptolemy
5.2 Ptolemy and The Almagest
5.3 Practical Mathematics
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6. The Final Chapter of Greek Mathematics
6.1 Nichomachus and Elementary Number Theory
6.2 Diophantus and Greek Algebra
6.3 Pappus and Analysis
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Part II. Medieval Mathematics
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7. Ancient and Medieval China
7.1 Introduction to Mathematics in China
7.2 Calculations
7.3 Geometry
7.4 Solving Equations
7.5 Indeterminate Analysis
7.6 Transmission to and from China
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8. Ancient and Medieval India
8.1 Introduction to Mathematics in India
8.2 Calculations
8.3 Geometry
8.4 Equation Solving
8.5 Indeterminate Analysis
8.6 Combinatorics
8.7 Trigonometry
8.8 Transmission to and from India
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9. The Mathematics of Islam
9.1 Introduction to Mathematics in Islam
9.2 Decimal Arithmetic
9.3 Algebra
9.4 Combinatorics
9.5 Geometry
9.6 Trigonometry
9.7 Transmission of Islamic Mathematics
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10. Medieval Europe
10.1 Introduction to the Mathematics of Medieval Europe
10.2 Geometry and Trigonometry
10.3 Combinatorics
10.4 Medieval Algebra
10.5 The Mathematics of Kinematics
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11. Mathematics Elsewhere
11.1 Mathematics at the Turn of the Fourteenth Century
11.2 Mathematics in America, Africa, and the Pacific
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Part III. Early Modern Mathematics
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12. Algebra in the Renaissance
12.1 The Italian Abacists
12.2 Algebra in France, Germany, England, and Portugal
12.3 The Solution of the Cubic Equation
12.4 Viete, Algebraic Symbolism, and Analysis
12.5 Simon Stevin and Decimal Analysis
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13. Mathematical Methods in the Renaissance
13.1 Perspective
13.2 Navigation and Geography
13.3 Astronomy and Trigonometry
13.4 Logarithms
13.5 Kinematics
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14. Geometry, Algebra and Probability in the Seventeenth Century
14.1 The Theory of Equations
14.2 Analytic Geometry
14.3 Elementary Probability
14.4 Number Theory
14.5 Projective Geometry
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15. The Beginnings of Calculus
15.1 Tangents and Extrema
15.2 Areas and Volumes
15.3 Rectification of Curves and the Fundamental Theorem
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16. Newton and Leibniz
16.1 Isaac Newton
16.2 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
16.3 First Calculus Texts
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Part IV. Modern Mathematics
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17. Analysis in the Eighteenth Century
17.1 Differential Equations
17.2 The Calculus of Several Variables
17.3 Calculus Texts
17.4 The Foundations of Calculus
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18. Probability and Statistics in the Eighteenth Century
18.1 Theoretical Probability
18.2 Statistical Inference
18.3 Applications of Probability
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19. Algebra and Number Theory in the Eighteenth Century
19.1 Algebra Texts
19.2 Advances in the Theory of Equations
19.3 Number Theory
19.4 Mathematics in the Americas
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20. Geometry in the Eighteenth Century
20.1 Clairaut and the Elements of Geometry
20.2 The Parallel Postulate
20.3 Analytic and Differential Geometry
20.4 The Beginnings of Topology
20.5 The French Revolution and Mathematics Education
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21. Algebra and Number Theory in the Nineteenth Century
21.1 Number Theory
21.2 Solving Algebraic Equations
21.3 Symbolic Algebra
21.4 Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations
21.5 Groups and Fields — The Beginning of Structure
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22. Analysis in the Nineteenth Century
22.1 Rigor in Analysis
22.2 The Arithmetization of Analysis
22.3 Complex Analysis
22.4 Vector Analysis
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23. Probability and Statistics in the Nineteenth Century
23.1 The Method of Least Squares and Probability Distributions
23.2 Statistics and the Social Sciences
23.3 Statistical Graphs
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24. Geometry in the Nineteenth Century
24.1 Differential Geometry
24.2 Non-Euclidean Geometry
24.3 Projective Geometry
24.4 Graph Theory and the Four Color Problem
24.5 Geometry in N Dimensions
24.6 The Foundations of Geometry
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25. Aspects of the Twentieth Century
25.1 Set Theory: Problems and Paradoxes
25.2 Topology
25.3 New Ideas in Algebra
25.4 The Statistical Revolution
25.5 Computers and Applications
25.6 Old Questions Answered