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Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020, 1st edition
Published by Macromedia Press (August 2, 2019) © 2020
- James D. Bethune Boston University
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In Engineering Graphics with AutoCAD 2020, award-winning CAD instructor and author James Bethune teaches technical drawing using AutoCAD 2020 as its drawing instrument. Taking a step-by-step approach, this textbook encourages students to work at their own pace and uses sample problems and illustrations to guide them through the powerful features of this drawing program. More than 680 exercise problems provide instructors with a variety of assignment material and students with an opportunity to develop their creativity and problem-solving capabilities.Â
Effective pedagogy throughout the text helps students learn and retain concepts:
- Step-by-step format throughout the text allows students to work directly from the text to the screen and provides an excellent reference during and after the course.
- Latest coverage is provided for dynamic blocks, user interface improvements, and productivity enhancements.
- Exercises, sample problems, and projects appear in each chapter, providing examples of software capabilities and giving students an opportunity to apply their own knowledge to realistic design situations.
- ANSI standards are discussed when appropriate, introducing students to the appropriate techniques and national standards.
- Illustrations and sample problems are provided in every chapter, supporting the step-by-step approach by illustrating how to use AutoCAD 2020 and its features to solve various design problems.
- Quickly learn the foundational skills for technical drawing using AutoCAD with step-by-step guidance and nearly 150 exercises to help develop student’s creativity and problem-solving capabilities.
- Step-by-step format throughout the text allows students to work directly from the text to the screen and provides an excellent reference during and after the course.
- Covers the latest in dynamic blocks, user interface improvements, and productivity enhancements.
- Exercise, sample problems and projects appear in each chapter, providing examples of software capabilities and giving students an opportunity to apply their own knowledge to realistic design situations. Includes examples of how to create an animated assembly, apply dimension to a drawing, calculate shear and bending values, and more!
- ANSI standards are discussed when appropriate, introducing students to the appropriate techniques and national standards.
- Illustrations and sample problems provided in every chapter, supporting the step-by-step approach by illustrating how to use AutoCAD and its features to solve various design problems.
This edition features updates for the latest release of AutoCAD, projects, and test questions for each chapter.
This book includes the following features:
1. Step-by-step format throughout the text allows students to work directly from the text to the screen and provides an excellent reference during and after the course.
2. Covers the latest in dynamic blocks, user interface improvements, and productivity enhancements.
3. Exercise, sample problems and projects appear in each chapter, providing examples of software capabilities and giving students an opportunity to apply their own knowledge to realistic design situations. Includes examples of how to create an animated assembly, apply dimension to a drawing, calculate shear and bending values, and more!Â
4. ANSI standards are discussed when appropriate, introducing students to the appropriate techniques and national standards.
5. Illustrations and sample problems provided in every chapter, supporting the step-by-step approach by illustrating how to use AutoCADÂ and its features to solve various design problems.
Preface    v
Chapter 1 Getting Started    1
1-1 Introduction    2
To Start a New Drawing    2
1-2 Tabs and Panels    5
1-3 The Command Line Box    7
1-4 Command Tools    8
1-5 Starting a New Drawing    9
1-6 Naming a Drawing    9
1-7 Drawing Units    12
1-8 Drawing Limits    15
1-9 Grid and Snap    18
1-10Â Sample Problem SP1-1Â Â Â Â 20
1-11 Save and Save As    23
1-12 Open    25
1-13 Close    27
1-14 Exercise Problems    28
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of 2D Construction    31
2-1 Introduction    31
2-2 Line–Random Points    31
2-3 Erase    34
2-4 Line–Snap Points    35
2-5 Line–Dynamic Inputs    36
2-6 Construction Line    38
2-7 Circle    42
2-8 Circle Centerlines    45
2-9 Polyline    47
2-10 Spline    51
2-11 Ellipse    52
2-12 Rectangle    56
2-13 Polygon    57
2-14 Point    58
2-15 Text    59
2-16 Move    65
2-17 Copy    67
2-18 Offset    68
2-19 Mirror    69
2-20 Array    69
2-21 Rotate    72
2-22 Trim    73
2-23 Extend    74
2-24 Break    75
2-25 Chamfer    76
2-26 Fillet    77
2-27 Table    78
2-28 Exercise Problems    82
Chapter 3 Advanced Commands    93
3-1 Introduction    93
3-2 Osnap    93
3-3 Osnap–Endpoint    95
3-4 Osnap–Snap From    95
3-5 Osnap–Midpoint    97
3-6 Osnap–Intersection    97
3-7 Osnap–Apparent Intersection    98
3-8 Osnap–Center    99
3-9 Osnap–Quadrant    100
3-10 Osnap–Perpendicular    100
3-11 Osnap–Tangent    101
3-12 Osnap–Nearest    102
3-13Â Sample Problem SP3-1Â Â Â Â 102
3-14Â Sample Problem SP3-2Â Â Â Â 103
3-15 Grips    105
3-16 Grips–Extend    106
3-17 Grips–Move    107
3-18 Grips–Rotate    108
3-19 Grips–Scale    108
3-20 Grips–Mirror    109
3-21 Blocks    110
3-22 Working with Blocks    113
3-23 Wblock    117
3-24 Layers    120
3-25 Attributes    129
3-26 Title Blocks with Attributes    134
3-27 Edit Polyline    135
3-28 Edit Spline    136
3-29 Edit Text    138
3-30 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle–Method I    139
3-31 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle–Method II    140
3-32 Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs    141
3-33 Constructing a Parabola    142
3-34 Constructing a Hyperbola    143
3-35 Constructing a Spiral    144
3-36 Constructing a Helix    144
3-37 Designing by Using Shape Parameters    145
3-38 Exercise Problems    148
Chapter 4 Sketching    167
4-1 Introduction    167
4-2 Establishing Your Own Style    167
4-3 Graph Paper    168
4-4 Pencils    168
4-5 Lines    168
4-6 Proportions    170
4-7 Curves    171
4-8Â Sample Problem SP4-1Â Â Â Â 172
4-9 Isometric Sketches    173
4-10Â Sample Problem SP4-2Â Â Â Â 175
4-11 Oblique Sketches    176
4-12 Perspective Sketches    178
4-13 Working in Different Orientations    180
4-14 Exercise Problems    181
Chapter 5 Orthographic Views    195
5-1 Introduction    195
5-2 Three Views of an Object    196
5-3 Visualization    197
5-4 Hidden Lines    199
5-5 Hidden Line Conventions    199
5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines    200
5-7 Precedence of Lines    205
5-8 Slanted Surfaces    205
5-9 Projection Between Views    206
5-10Â Sample Problem SP5-1Â Â Â Â 207
5-11 Compound Lines    209
5-12Â Sample Problem SP5-2Â Â Â Â 209
5-13 Oblique Surfaces    211
5-14Â Sample Problem SP5-3Â Â Â Â 213
5-15 Rounded Surfaces    214
5-16Â Sample Problem SP5-4Â Â Â Â 216
5-17 Holes    217
5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces    218
5-19 Cylinders    222
5-20Â Sample Problem SP5-5Â Â Â Â 223
5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces    224
5-22Â Sample Problem SP5-6Â Â Â Â 224
5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders    226
5-24 Irregular Surfaces    227
5-25Â Sample Problem SP5-7Â Â Â Â 228
5-26 Hole Callouts    228
5-27 Castings    231
5-28Â Sample Problem SP5-8Â Â Â Â 233
5-29 Thin-Walled Objects    234
5-30Â Sample Problem SP5-9Â Â Â Â 235
5-31 Intersections    236
5-32Â Sample Problem SP5-10Â Â Â Â 237
5-33Â Sample Problem SP5-11Â Â Â Â 239
5-34Â Sample Problem SP5-12Â Â Â Â 239
5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part    242
5-36 Drawing Standards    243
5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections    245
5-38 Exercise Problems    247
Chapter 6 Sectional Views    281
6-1 Introduction    281
6-2 Cutting Plane Lines    283
6-3 Section Lines    286
6-4 Hatch    288
6-5Â Sample Problem SP6-1Â Â Â Â 290
6-6 Styles of Section Lines    291
6-7 Sectional View Location    292
6-8 Holes in Sections    293
6-9 Gradients    293
6-10 Offset Sections    294
6-11 Multiple Sections    295
6-12 Aligned Sections    296
6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections    296
6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views    297
6-15 Removed Sectional Views    298
6-16 Breaks    299
6-17 Sectional Views of Castings    300
6-18 Exercise Problems    302
Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views    325
7-1 Introduction    325
7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views    326
7-3Â Sample Problem SP7-1Â Â Â Â 328
7-4 Transferring Lines Between Views    329
7-5Â Sample Problem SP7-2Â Â Â Â 331
7-6 Projecting Rounded Surfaces    332
7-7Â Sample Problem SP7-3Â Â Â Â 332
7-8 Projecting Irregular Surfaces    334
7-9Â Sample Problem SP7-4Â Â Â Â 334
7-10Â Sample Problem SP7-5Â Â Â Â 335
7-11 Partial Auxiliary Views    336
7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views    337
7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces    338
7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views    338
7-15Â Sample Problem SP7-6Â Â Â Â 341
7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse    343
7-17 Exercise Problems    344
Chapter 8 Dimensioning    359
8-1 Introduction    359
8-2 Terminology and Conventions    359
8-3 Linear Dimension    362
8-4 Dimension Styles    367
8-5 Units    371
8-6 Aligned Dimensions    373
8-7 Radius and Diameter Dimensions    375
8-8 Angular Dimensions    379
8-9 Ordinate Dimensions    381
8-10 Baseline Dimensions    384
8-11 Continue Dimension    385
8-12 Quick Dimension    386
8-13 Center Mark    387
8-14 Mleader and Qleader    388
8-15 Text Angle    391
8-16 Tolerances    392
8-17 Dimensioning Holes    392
8-18 Placing Dimensions    394
8-19 Fillets and Rounds    395
8-20Â Rounded Shapes (Internal)Â Â Â Â 395
8-21Â Rounded Shapes (External)Â Â Â Â 396
8-22 Irregular Surfaces    397
8-23 Polar Dimensions    398
8-24 Chamfers    398
8-25 Knurling    399
8-26 Keys and Keyseats    400
8-27 Symbols and Abbreviations    400
8-28 Symmetry and Centerline    401
8-29 Dimensioning to Points    401
8-30 Coordinate Dimensions    402
8-31 Sectional Views    403
8-32 Orthographic Views    404
8-33 Very Large Radii    405
8-34 Exercise Problems    406
Chapter 9 Tolerancing    427
9-1 Introduction    427
9-2 Direct Tolerance Methods    427
9-3 Tolerance Expressions    428
9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances    429
9-5Â Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCADÂ Â Â Â 429
9-6 Limit Tolerances    432
9-7Â Creating Limit Tolerances by Using AutoCADÂ Â Â Â 433
9-8 Angular Tolerances    435
9-9 Standard Tolerances    436
9-10 Double Dimensioning    437
9-11 Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions    438
9-12 Tolerance Studies    440
9-13 Rectangular Dimensions    441
9-14 Hole Locations    441
9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole    442
9-16Â Sample Problem SP9-1Â Â Â Â 443
9-17Â Sample Problem SP9-2Â Â Â Â 444
9-18Â Standard Fits (Metric Values)Â Â Â Â 444
9-19 Nominal Sizes    447
9-20 Hole and Shaft Basis    447
9-21Â Sample Problem SP9-3Â Â Â Â 447
9-22Â Standard Fits (Inch Values)Â Â Â Â 448
9-23Â Sample Problem SP9-4Â Â Â Â 449
9-24 Preferred and Standard Sizes    449
9-25 Surface Finishes    450
9-26 Surface Control Symbols    452
9-27 Design Problems    453
9-28 Exercise Problems    459
Chapter 10 Geometric Tolerances    473
10-1 Introduction    473
10-2 Tolerances of Form    474
10-3 Flatness    474
10-4 Straightness    475
10-5Â Straightness (RFS and MMC)Â Â Â Â 475
10-6 Circularity    478
10-7 Cylindricity    479
10-8Â Geometric Tolerances Created by Using AutoCADÂ Â Â Â 479
10-9 Tolerances of Orientation    487
10-10 Datums    487
10-11 Perpendicularity    488
10-12 Parallelism    490
10-13 Angularism    491
10-14 Profiles    491
10-15 Runouts    493
10-16 Positional Tolerances    494
10-17 Virtual Condition    496
10-18 Floating Fasteners    496
10-19Â Sample Problem SP10-1Â Â Â Â 497
10-20Â Sample Problem SP10-2Â Â Â Â 498
10-21 Fixed Fasteners    499
10-22Â Sample Problem SP10-3Â Â Â Â 499
10-23 Design Problems    500
10-24 Exercise Problems    503
Chapter 11 Threads and Fasteners    525
11-1 Introduction    525
11-2 Thread Terminology    525
11-3Â Thread Callouts (Metric Units)Â Â Â Â 526
11-4Â Thread Callouts (English Units)Â Â Â Â 526
11-5 Thread Representations    528
11-6 Orthographic Views of Internal Threads    533
11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations    535
11-8 Types of Threads    535
11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread    536
11-10 How to Draw an Internal Square Thread    537
11-11 How to Draw an External Acme Thread    537
11-12 Bolts and Nuts    539
11-13 Screws    539
11-14 Studs    541
11-15 Head Shapes    541
11-16 Nuts    545
11-17Â Sample Problem SP11-1Â Â Â Â 548
11-18Â Sample Problem SP11-2Â Â Â Â 549
11-19 Standard Screws    550
11-20 Setscrews    551
11-21 Washers    552
11-22 Keys    553
11-23 Rivets    554
11-24 Springs    555
11-25 Tool Palettes    558
11-26 Exercise Problems    561
Chapter 12 Working Drawings    571
12-1 Introduction    571
12-2 Assembly Drawings    571
12-3Â Drawing Formats (Templates)Â Â Â Â 574
12-4 Title Block    576
12-5 Revision Block    578
12-6 Tolerance Block    580
12-7 Release Block    580
12-8 Parts List (Bill of Materials–BOM)    581
12-9 Detail Drawings    582
12-10 First-Angle Projection    583
12-11 Drawing Notes    584
12-12 Design Layouts    584
12-13Â Sample Problem SP12-1Â Â Â Â 585
12-14Â Sample Problem SP12-2Â Â Â Â 589
12-15Â Sample Problem SP12-3Â Â Â Â 592
12-16 Exercise Problems    594
Chapter 13 Gears, Bearings, and Cams    617
13-1 Introduction    617
13-2 Types of Gears    617
13-3 Gear Terminology–Spur    618
13-4 Spur Gear Drawings    619
13-5Â Sample Problem SP13-1Â Â Â Â 621
13-6Â Sample Problem SP13-2Â Â Â Â 622
13-7Â Sample Problem SP13-3Â Â Â Â 624
13-8 Selecting Spur Gears    625
13-9 Center Distance Between Gears    626
13-10Â Sample Problem SP13-4Â Â Â Â 627
13-11 Combining Spur Gears    629
13-12 Gear Terminology–Bevel    629
13-13 How to Draw Bevel Gears    631
13-14 Worm Gears    633
13-15 Helical Gears    634
13-16 Racks    636
13-17 Ball Bearings    637
13-18Â Sample Problem SP13-5Â Â Â Â 638
13-19 Bushings    639
13-20Â Sample Problem SP13-6Â Â Â Â 640
13-21 Cam Displacement Diagrams    641
13-22 Cam Motions    643
13-23 Cam Followers    647
13-24Â Sample Problem SP13-7Â Â Â Â 648
13-25 Exercise Problems    651
Chapter 14 Fundamentals of 3D Drawing    663
14-1 Introduction    663
14-2 The World Coordinate System    663
14-3 Viewpoints    665
14-4 Perspective and Parallel Grids    668
14-5 3D Modeling    670
14-6Â User Coordinate System (UCS)Â Â Â Â 672
14-7 Editing a Solid Model    678
14-8 Visual Styles    679
14-9 Rotating a UCS Axis    681
14-10Â Sample Problem SP14-1Â Â Â Â 683
14-11 Visual Errors    685
14-12Â Sample Problem SP14-2Â Â Â Â 685
14-13 Orthographic Views    688
14-14 Line Thickness    692
14-15 Using the Thickness Command to Create Objects    695
14-16 Exercise Problems    698
Chapter 15 Modeling    703
15-1 Introduction    703
15-2 Box    703
15-3 Sphere    708
15-4 Cylinder    708
15-5 Cone    710
15-6 Wedge    712
15-7 Torus    714
15-8 Extrude    715
15-9 Revolve    717
15-10 Helix    718
15-11 Polysolid    719
15-12 Loft    720
15-13 Intersect    721
15-14 Union and Subtract    722
15-15 Solid Modeling and UCSs    725
15-16 Combining Solid Objects    727
15-17 Intersecting Solids    732
15-18 Solid Models of Castings    737
15-19 Thread Representations in Solid Models    741
15-20 List    743
15-21 Massprop    743
15-22 Face and Edge Editing    744
15-23 Exercise Problems    752
Index    781
Chapter 16Â Projects (Online Only)
Appendix (Online Only)
Chapter 1 Getting Started    1
1-1 Introduction    2
To Start a New Drawing    2
1-2 Tabs and Panels    5
1-3 The Command Line Box    7
1-4 Command Tools    8
1-5 Starting a New Drawing    9
1-6 Naming a Drawing    9
1-7 Drawing Units    12
1-8 Drawing Limits    15
1-9 Grid and Snap    18
1-10Â Sample Problem SP1-1Â Â Â Â 20
1-11 Save and Save As    23
1-12 Open    25
1-13 Close    27
1-14 Exercise Problems    28
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of 2D Construction    31
2-1 Introduction    31
2-2 Line–Random Points    31
2-3 Erase    34
2-4 Line–Snap Points    35
2-5 Line–Dynamic Inputs    36
2-6 Construction Line    38
2-7 Circle    42
2-8 Circle Centerlines    45
2-9 Polyline    47
2-10 Spline    51
2-11 Ellipse    52
2-12 Rectangle    56
2-13 Polygon    57
2-14 Point    58
2-15 Text    59
2-16 Move    65
2-17 Copy    67
2-18 Offset    68
2-19 Mirror    69
2-20 Array    69
2-21 Rotate    72
2-22 Trim    73
2-23 Extend    74
2-24 Break    75
2-25 Chamfer    76
2-26 Fillet    77
2-27 Table    78
2-28 Exercise Problems    82
Chapter 3 Advanced Commands    93
3-1 Introduction    93
3-2 Osnap    93
3-3 Osnap–Endpoint    95
3-4 Osnap–Snap From    95
3-5 Osnap–Midpoint    97
3-6 Osnap–Intersection    97
3-7 Osnap–Apparent Intersection    98
3-8 Osnap–Center    99
3-9 Osnap–Quadrant    100
3-10 Osnap–Perpendicular    100
3-11 Osnap–Tangent    101
3-12 Osnap–Nearest    102
3-13Â Sample Problem SP3-1Â Â Â Â 102
3-14Â Sample Problem SP3-2Â Â Â Â 103
3-15 Grips    105
3-16 Grips–Extend    106
3-17 Grips–Move    107
3-18 Grips–Rotate    108
3-19 Grips–Scale    108
3-20 Grips–Mirror    109
3-21 Blocks    110
3-22 Working with Blocks    113
3-23 Wblock    117
3-24 Layers    120
3-25 Attributes    129
3-26 Title Blocks with Attributes    134
3-27 Edit Polyline    135
3-28 Edit Spline    136
3-29 Edit Text    138
3-30 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle–Method I    139
3-31 Constructing the Bisector of an Angle–Method II    140
3-32 Constructing an Ogee Curve (S-Curve) with Equal Arcs    141
3-33 Constructing a Parabola    142
3-34 Constructing a Hyperbola    143
3-35 Constructing a Spiral    144
3-36 Constructing a Helix    144
3-37 Designing by Using Shape Parameters    145
3-38 Exercise Problems    148
Chapter 4 Sketching    167
4-1 Introduction    167
4-2 Establishing Your Own Style    167
4-3 Graph Paper    168
4-4 Pencils    168
4-5 Lines    168
4-6 Proportions    170
4-7 Curves    171
4-8Â Sample Problem SP4-1Â Â Â Â 172
4-9 Isometric Sketches    173
4-10Â Sample Problem SP4-2Â Â Â Â 175
4-11 Oblique Sketches    176
4-12 Perspective Sketches    178
4-13 Working in Different Orientations    180
4-14 Exercise Problems    181
Chapter 5 Orthographic Views    195
5-1 Introduction    195
5-2 Three Views of an Object    196
5-3 Visualization    197
5-4 Hidden Lines    199
5-5 Hidden Line Conventions    199
5-6 Drawing Hidden Lines    200
5-7 Precedence of Lines    205
5-8 Slanted Surfaces    205
5-9 Projection Between Views    206
5-10Â Sample Problem SP5-1Â Â Â Â 207
5-11 Compound Lines    209
5-12Â Sample Problem SP5-2Â Â Â Â 209
5-13 Oblique Surfaces    211
5-14Â Sample Problem SP5-3Â Â Â Â 213
5-15 Rounded Surfaces    214
5-16Â Sample Problem SP5-4Â Â Â Â 216
5-17 Holes    217
5-18 Holes in Slanted Surfaces    218
5-19 Cylinders    222
5-20Â Sample Problem SP5-5Â Â Â Â 223
5-21 Cylinders with Slanted and Rounded Surfaces    224
5-22Â Sample Problem SP5-6Â Â Â Â 224
5-23 Drawing Conventions and Cylinders    226
5-24 Irregular Surfaces    227
5-25Â Sample Problem SP5-7Â Â Â Â 228
5-26 Hole Callouts    228
5-27 Castings    231
5-28Â Sample Problem SP5-8Â Â Â Â 233
5-29 Thin-Walled Objects    234
5-30Â Sample Problem SP5-9Â Â Â Â 235
5-31 Intersections    236
5-32Â Sample Problem SP5-10Â Â Â Â 237
5-33Â Sample Problem SP5-11Â Â Â Â 239
5-34Â Sample Problem SP5-12Â Â Â Â 239
5-35 Designing by Modifying an Existing Part    242
5-36 Drawing Standards    243
5-37 Third- and First-Angle Projections    245
5-38 Exercise Problems    247
Chapter 6 Sectional Views    281
6-1 Introduction    281
6-2 Cutting Plane Lines    283
6-3 Section Lines    286
6-4 Hatch    288
6-5Â Sample Problem SP6-1Â Â Â Â 290
6-6 Styles of Section Lines    291
6-7 Sectional View Location    292
6-8 Holes in Sections    293
6-9 Gradients    293
6-10 Offset Sections    294
6-11 Multiple Sections    295
6-12 Aligned Sections    296
6-13 Drawing Conventions in Sections    296
6-14 Half, Partial, and Broken-Out Sectional Views    297
6-15 Removed Sectional Views    298
6-16 Breaks    299
6-17 Sectional Views of Castings    300
6-18 Exercise Problems    302
Chapter 7 Auxiliary Views    325
7-1 Introduction    325
7-2 Projection Between Normal and Auxiliary Views    326
7-3Â Sample Problem SP7-1Â Â Â Â 328
7-4 Transferring Lines Between Views    329
7-5Â Sample Problem SP7-2Â Â Â Â 331
7-6 Projecting Rounded Surfaces    332
7-7Â Sample Problem SP7-3Â Â Â Â 332
7-8 Projecting Irregular Surfaces    334
7-9Â Sample Problem SP7-4Â Â Â Â 334
7-10Â Sample Problem SP7-5Â Â Â Â 335
7-11 Partial Auxiliary Views    336
7-12 Sectional Auxiliary Views    337
7-13 Auxiliary Views of Oblique Surfaces    338
7-14 Secondary Auxiliary Views    338
7-15Â Sample Problem SP7-6Â Â Â Â 341
7-16 Secondary Auxiliary View of an Ellipse    343
7-17 Exercise Problems    344
Chapter 8 Dimensioning    359
8-1 Introduction    359
8-2 Terminology and Conventions    359
8-3 Linear Dimension    362
8-4 Dimension Styles    367
8-5 Units    371
8-6 Aligned Dimensions    373
8-7 Radius and Diameter Dimensions    375
8-8 Angular Dimensions    379
8-9 Ordinate Dimensions    381
8-10 Baseline Dimensions    384
8-11 Continue Dimension    385
8-12 Quick Dimension    386
8-13 Center Mark    387
8-14 Mleader and Qleader    388
8-15 Text Angle    391
8-16 Tolerances    392
8-17 Dimensioning Holes    392
8-18 Placing Dimensions    394
8-19 Fillets and Rounds    395
8-20Â Rounded Shapes (Internal)Â Â Â Â 395
8-21Â Rounded Shapes (External)Â Â Â Â 396
8-22 Irregular Surfaces    397
8-23 Polar Dimensions    398
8-24 Chamfers    398
8-25 Knurling    399
8-26 Keys and Keyseats    400
8-27 Symbols and Abbreviations    400
8-28 Symmetry and Centerline    401
8-29 Dimensioning to Points    401
8-30 Coordinate Dimensions    402
8-31 Sectional Views    403
8-32 Orthographic Views    404
8-33 Very Large Radii    405
8-34 Exercise Problems    406
Chapter 9 Tolerancing    427
9-1 Introduction    427
9-2 Direct Tolerance Methods    427
9-3 Tolerance Expressions    428
9-4 Understanding Plus and Minus Tolerances    429
9-5Â Creating Plus and Minus Tolerances with AutoCADÂ Â Â Â 429
9-6 Limit Tolerances    432
9-7Â Creating Limit Tolerances by Using AutoCADÂ Â Â Â 433
9-8 Angular Tolerances    435
9-9 Standard Tolerances    436
9-10 Double Dimensioning    437
9-11 Chain Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions    438
9-12 Tolerance Studies    440
9-13 Rectangular Dimensions    441
9-14 Hole Locations    441
9-15 Choosing a Shaft for a Toleranced Hole    442
9-16Â Sample Problem SP9-1Â Â Â Â 443
9-17Â Sample Problem SP9-2Â Â Â Â 444
9-18Â Standard Fits (Metric Values)Â Â Â Â 444
9-19 Nominal Sizes    447
9-20 Hole and Shaft Basis    447
9-21Â Sample Problem SP9-3Â Â Â Â 447
9-22Â Standard Fits (Inch Values)Â Â Â Â 448
9-23Â Sample Problem SP9-4Â Â Â Â 449
9-24 Preferred and Standard Sizes    449
9-25 Surface Finishes    450
9-26 Surface Control Symbols    452
9-27 Design Problems    453
9-28 Exercise Problems    459
Chapter 10 Geometric Tolerances    473
10-1 Introduction    473
10-2 Tolerances of Form    474
10-3 Flatness    474
10-4 Straightness    475
10-5Â Straightness (RFS and MMC)Â Â Â Â 475
10-6 Circularity    478
10-7 Cylindricity    479
10-8Â Geometric Tolerances Created by Using AutoCADÂ Â Â Â 479
10-9 Tolerances of Orientation    487
10-10 Datums    487
10-11 Perpendicularity    488
10-12 Parallelism    490
10-13 Angularism    491
10-14 Profiles    491
10-15 Runouts    493
10-16 Positional Tolerances    494
10-17 Virtual Condition    496
10-18 Floating Fasteners    496
10-19Â Sample Problem SP10-1Â Â Â Â 497
10-20Â Sample Problem SP10-2Â Â Â Â 498
10-21 Fixed Fasteners    499
10-22Â Sample Problem SP10-3Â Â Â Â 499
10-23 Design Problems    500
10-24 Exercise Problems    503
Chapter 11 Threads and Fasteners    525
11-1 Introduction    525
11-2 Thread Terminology    525
11-3Â Thread Callouts (Metric Units)Â Â Â Â 526
11-4Â Thread Callouts (English Units)Â Â Â Â 526
11-5 Thread Representations    528
11-6 Orthographic Views of Internal Threads    533
11-7 Sectional Views of Internal Thread Representations    535
11-8 Types of Threads    535
11-9 How to Draw an External Square Thread    536
11-10 How to Draw an Internal Square Thread    537
11-11 How to Draw an External Acme Thread    537
11-12 Bolts and Nuts    539
11-13 Screws    539
11-14 Studs    541
11-15 Head Shapes    541
11-16 Nuts    545
11-17Â Sample Problem SP11-1Â Â Â Â 548
11-18Â Sample Problem SP11-2Â Â Â Â 549
11-19 Standard Screws    550
11-20 Setscrews    551
11-21 Washers    552
11-22 Keys    553
11-23 Rivets    554
11-24 Springs    555
11-25 Tool Palettes    558
11-26 Exercise Problems    561
Chapter 12 Working Drawings    571
12-1 Introduction    571
12-2 Assembly Drawings    571
12-3Â Drawing Formats (Templates)Â Â Â Â 574
12-4 Title Block    576
12-5 Revision Block    578
12-6 Tolerance Block    580
12-7 Release Block    580
12-8 Parts List (Bill of Materials–BOM)    581
12-9 Detail Drawings    582
12-10 First-Angle Projection    583
12-11 Drawing Notes    584
12-12 Design Layouts    584
12-13Â Sample Problem SP12-1Â Â Â Â 585
12-14Â Sample Problem SP12-2Â Â Â Â 589
12-15Â Sample Problem SP12-3Â Â Â Â 592
12-16 Exercise Problems    594
Chapter 13 Gears, Bearings, and Cams    617
13-1 Introduction    617
13-2 Types of Gears    617
13-3 Gear Terminology–Spur    618
13-4 Spur Gear Drawings    619
13-5Â Sample Problem SP13-1Â Â Â Â 621
13-6Â Sample Problem SP13-2Â Â Â Â 622
13-7Â Sample Problem SP13-3Â Â Â Â 624
13-8 Selecting Spur Gears    625
13-9 Center Distance Between Gears    626
13-10Â Sample Problem SP13-4Â Â Â Â 627
13-11 Combining Spur Gears    629
13-12 Gear Terminology–Bevel    629
13-13 How to Draw Bevel Gears    631
13-14 Worm Gears    633
13-15 Helical Gears    634
13-16 Racks    636
13-17 Ball Bearings    637
13-18Â Sample Problem SP13-5Â Â Â Â 638
13-19 Bushings    639
13-20Â Sample Problem SP13-6Â Â Â Â 640
13-21 Cam Displacement Diagrams    641
13-22 Cam Motions    643
13-23 Cam Followers    647
13-24Â Sample Problem SP13-7Â Â Â Â 648
13-25 Exercise Problems    651
Chapter 14 Fundamentals of 3D Drawing    663
14-1 Introduction    663
14-2 The World Coordinate System    663
14-3 Viewpoints    665
14-4 Perspective and Parallel Grids    668
14-5 3D Modeling    670
14-6Â User Coordinate System (UCS)Â Â Â Â 672
14-7 Editing a Solid Model    678
14-8 Visual Styles    679
14-9 Rotating a UCS Axis    681
14-10Â Sample Problem SP14-1Â Â Â Â 683
14-11 Visual Errors    685
14-12Â Sample Problem SP14-2Â Â Â Â 685
14-13 Orthographic Views    688
14-14 Line Thickness    692
14-15 Using the Thickness Command to Create Objects    695
14-16 Exercise Problems    698
Chapter 15 Modeling    703
15-1 Introduction    703
15-2 Box    703
15-3 Sphere    708
15-4 Cylinder    708
15-5 Cone    710
15-6 Wedge    712
15-7 Torus    714
15-8 Extrude    715
15-9 Revolve    717
15-10 Helix    718
15-11 Polysolid    719
15-12 Loft    720
15-13 Intersect    721
15-14 Union and Subtract    722
15-15 Solid Modeling and UCSs    725
15-16 Combining Solid Objects    727
15-17 Intersecting Solids    732
15-18 Solid Models of Castings    737
15-19 Thread Representations in Solid Models    741
15-20 List    743
15-21 Massprop    743
15-22 Face and Edge Editing    744
15-23 Exercise Problems    752
Index    781
Chapter 16Â Projects (Online Only)
Appendix (Online Only)
James D. Bethune taught drafting and Computer Aided-Design (CAD) for 39 years, twice winning the Outstanding Professor of the year award. He has a doctor’s degree in education from Boston University and has written more than 28 books on drafting and CAD. While retired from full-time teaching, Jim continues to write textbooks on CAD. An avid golfer, Jim lives in East Greenwich, Rhode Island.
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