5. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Concrete Instructional Resources
6. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Representational Instructional Resources
7. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Informational and Persuasive Text
Section One: Foundational Principles
1. Social Studies: The Subject You Will Teach
            Memories of Elementary School Social StudiesÂ
            Attribute 1: Social Studies as a School SubjectÂ
            Attribute 2: The Origin, Erosion, and Rebirth of Social StudiesÂ
            Attribute 3: Instructional Practices That Promote and Support LearningÂ
            Attribute 4: Democratic Classroom CommunitiesÂ
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
2. Effective Instructional Planning
            What Is Instructional Planning?Â
            How Are Unit Plans Constructed?Â
            How Are Lesson Plans Constructed?Â
            What Is Differentiated Instruction?Â
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
Section Two: Methods and Strategies to Reach and Teach Your Students
3. Social Constructivism: Constructing Meaning via Collaborative EncountersÂ
            Constructivism as a Way of Thinking and Learning
            Task 1: A Meaningful and Purposeful Learning Context
            Task 2: Engaging Students with Quality Instructional ResourcesÂ
            Task 3: Using Language Processes to Scaffold LearningÂ
            Task 4: Organizing and Communicating Ideas with Graphic OrganizersÂ
            Task 5: Breaking Down Concepts for Explicit, Focused Group InstructionÂ
            Task 6: Modeling as a Scaffolding TechniqueÂ
            Task 7: Collaborating and Cooperating with Peers as MKOsÂ
            Task 8: Scaffolding Learning with Computers as MKOsÂ
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
4. Cognitive Constructivism: A Spotlight on Project-Based Learning
            Cognitive ConstructivismÂ
            Project-Based Learning (PBL)Â
            Inquiry-Based LearningÂ
            Creative Problem Solving (CPS)Â
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
Section Three: Instructional Resources
5. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Concrete Instructional Resources
            Authentic LearningÂ
            Field Trips Â
            Classroom VisitorsÂ
            RealiaÂ
            The ArtsÂ
            GamesÂ
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
6. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Representational Instructional Resources
            Educational Technology in the ClassroomÂ
            Pictures and Study PrintsÂ
            SimulationsÂ
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
7. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Informational and Persuasive Text
            What Is Informational Text?Â
            Social Studies TextbooksÂ
            Informational BooksÂ
            BiographiesÂ
            Newspapers
            Strategies for Reading Informational TextÂ
            What Is Persuasive Text?Â
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
8. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Narrative Text
            Personal Narratives
            Historical Fiction
            Folktales
            Poetry
            A Final Thought
            References
Section Four:Â Lenses on Learning: Six Social Sciences
9. Young Historians: Learning to Unlock the Past
            History in FocusÂ
            Chronological ThinkingÂ
            Historical ComprehensionÂ
            Historical Analysis and InterpretationÂ
            Historical Research CapabilitiesÂ
            Historical Issues Analysis and Decision MakingÂ
            An Integration of Knowledge and IdeasÂ
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            ReferencesÂ
10. Geography: Exploring the People—Place Connection
            Geography in FocusÂ
            Essential Element 1: The World in Spatial TermsÂ
            Essential Element 2: Places and RegionsÂ
            Essential Element 3: Physical SystemsÂ
            Essential Element 4: Human SystemsÂ
            Essential Element 5: Environment and SocietyÂ
            Essential Element 6: The Uses of GeographyÂ
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            References
11. Civics: Young Citizens in Action
            Civics In Focus
            What Is Government and What Should It Do?Â
            What Are the Basic Values and Principles of American Democracy?Â
            How Does the Government Established by the Constitution Embody the Purposes, Values, and Principles of American Democracy?
            What Is the Relationship of the United States to Other Nations and to World Affairs?Â
            What Are the Roles of the Citizen in American Democracy?Â
            A Final ThoughtÂ
            References
12. Economics: Thinking and Choosing Responsibly
            Economics Literacy
            Six Core Economic Principles
            A Final Thought
            References
13. Sociology and Anthropology: Social Structures and Culture