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Cisco Software-Defined Access, 1st edition
Published by Cisco Press (August 2, 2020) © 2021
- Srilatha Vemula
- Jason Gooley
- Roddie Hasan
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This comprehensive book guides you through all aspects of planning, implementing, and operating Cisco Software-Defined Access (SD-Access). Through practical use cases, youll learn how to use intent-based networking, Cisco ISE, and Cisco DNA Center to improve any campus networks security and simplify its management.
Drawing on their unsurpassed experience architecting solutions and training technical professionals inside and outside Cisco, the authors explain when and where to leverage Cisco SD-Access instead of a traditional legacy design. They illuminate the fundamental building blocks of a modern campus fabric architecture, show how to design a software-defined campus that delivers the most value in your environment, and introduce best practices for administration, support, and troubleshooting.
Case studies show how to use Cisco SD-Access to address secure segmentation, plug and play, software image management (SWIM), host mobility, and more. The authors also present full chapters on advanced Cisco SD-Access and Cisco DNA Center topics, plus detailed coverage of Cisco DNA monitoring and analytics.
Drawing on their unsurpassed experience architecting solutions and training technical professionals inside and outside Cisco, the authors explain when and where to leverage Cisco SD-Access instead of a traditional legacy design. They illuminate the fundamental building blocks of a modern campus fabric architecture, show how to design a software-defined campus that delivers the most value in your environment, and introduce best practices for administration, support, and troubleshooting.
Case studies show how to use Cisco SD-Access to address secure segmentation, plug and play, software image management (SWIM), host mobility, and more. The authors also present full chapters on advanced Cisco SD-Access and Cisco DNA Center topics, plus detailed coverage of Cisco DNA monitoring and analytics.
- Learn how Cisco SD-Access addresses key drivers for network change, including automation and security
- Explore how Cisco DNA Center improves network planning, deployment, evolution, and agility
- Master Cisco SD-Access essentials: design, components, best practices, and fabric construction
- Integrate Cisco DNA Center and Cisco ISE, and smoothly onboard diverse endpoints
- Efficiently operate Cisco SD-Access and troubleshoot common fabric problems, step by step
- Master advanced topics, including multicast flows, Layer 2 flooding, and the integration of IoT devices
- Extend campus network policies to WANs and data center networks
- Choose the right deployment options for Cisco DNA Center in your environment
- Master Cisco DNA Assurance analytics and tests for optimising the health of clients, network devices, and applications
- Explains Cisco SDA’s value, relevance, components, inner workings, use cases, and much more
- Guides technical professionals through implementing and supporting Cisco SDA from start to finish
- Thoroughly covers Secure Segmentation, Plug and Play, Software Image Management (SWIM) and Host Mobility
- By the creators of all training content, demos, and curricula for the Cisco Systems Engineering Organization and Cisco Partner Engineering community
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1 Today's Networks and the Drivers for Change 1
Networks of Today 1
Common Business and IT Trends 4
Common Desired Benefits 5
High-Level Design Considerations 6
Cisco Digital Network Architecture 10
Past Solutions to Today's Problems 12
   Spanning-Tree and Layer 2–Based Networks 13
Introduction to Multidomain 16
   Cloud Trends and Adoption 18
Summary 20
Chapter 2 Introduction to Cisco Software-Defined Access 21
Challenges with Today's Networks 22
Software-Defined Networking 22
Cisco Software-Defined Access 23
   Cisco Campus Fabric Architecture 24
   Campus Fabric Fundamentals 25
   Cisco SD-Access Roles 27
Network Access Control 30
   Why Network Access Control? 31
Introduction to Cisco Identity Services Engine 32
   Overview of Cisco Identity Services Engine 32
   Cisco ISE Features 34
       Secure Access 34
       Device Administration 37
       Guest Access 38
       Profiling 40
       Bring Your Own Device 45
       Compliance 46
       Integrations with pxGrid 48
   Cisco ISE Design Considerations 50
   Cisco ISE Architecture 50
   Cisco ISE Deployment Options 51
       Standalone Deployment 51
       Distributed Deployment 51
       Dedicated Distributed Deployment 52
Segmentation with Cisco TrustSec 54
   Cisco TrustSec Functions 54
       Classification 55
       Propagation 55
       Enforcement 57
Summary 58
Chapter 3 Introduction to Cisco DNA Center 59
Network Planning and Deployment Trends 59
History of Automation Tools 60
Cisco DNA Center Overview 62
Design and Visualization of the Network 64
   Site Design and Layout 64
   Network Settings 69
   Wireless Deployments 70
Network Discovery and Inventory 72
   Discovery Tool 72
   Inventory 74
Device Configuration and Provisioning 77
Summary 79
Chapter 4 Cisco Software-Defined Access Fundamentals 81
Network Topologies 81
Cisco Software-Defined Access Underlay 82
   Manual Underlay 83
   Automated Underlay: LAN Automation 84
Wireless LAN Controllers and Access Points in Cisco Software-Defined Access 89
Shared Services 90
Transit Networks 91
   IP-Based Transit 91
   SD-Access Transit 92
Fabric Creation 92
   Fabric Location 93
   Fabric VNs 94
Fabric Device Roles 94
   Control Plane 95
   Fabric Borders 96
   Border Automation 98
   Border and Control Plane Collocation 99
   Fabric Edge Nodes 100
   Intermediate Nodes 103
   External Connectivity 104
       Fusion Router 104
Host Onboarding 105
   Authentication Templates 105
   VN to IP Pool Mapping 106
   SSID to IP Pool Mapping 108
   Switchport Override 109
Summary 110
References in This Chapter 110
Chapter 5 Cisco Identity Services Engine with Cisco DNA Center 111
Policy Management in Cisco DNA Center with Cisco ISE 112
   Integration of Cisco DNA Center and ISE 113
       Certificates in Cisco DNA Center 113
       Certificates on Cisco Identity Services Engine 115
       Cisco ISE and Cisco DNA Center Integration Process 116
Group-Based Access Control 122
Segmentation with Third-Party RADIUS Server 126
Secure Host Onboarding in Enterprise Networks 128
   Endpoint Host Modes in 802.1X 128
       Single-Host Mode 128
       Multi-Host Mode 128
       Multi-Domain Mode 129
       Multi-Auth Mode 129
802.1X Phased Deployment 130
   Why a Phased Approach? 131
       Phase I: Monitor Mode (Visibility Mode) 132
       Phase II: Low-Impact Mode 133
       Phase II: Closed Mode 134
Host Onboarding with Cisco DNA Center 136
   No Authentication Template 137
   Open Authentication Template 138
   Closed Authentication 140
   Easy Connect 141
Security in Cisco Software-Defined Access Network 144
   Macro-Segmentation in Cisco SD-Access 144
   Micro-Segmentation in Cisco SD-Access 145
Policy Set Overview in Cisco ISE 146
Segmentation Policy Construction in Cisco SD-Access 148
   Corporate Network Access Use Case 149
   Guest Access Use Case 159
Segmentation Outside the Fabric 164
Summary 164
References in This Chapter 165
Chapter 6 Cisco Software-Defined Access Operation and Troubleshooting 167
Cisco SD-Access Under the Covers 167
   Fabric Encapsulation 167
       LISP 168
       VXLAN 171
       MTU Considerations 172
Host Operation and Packet Flow in Cisco SD-Access 172
   DHCP in Cisco SD-Access 172
   Wired Host Onboarding and Registration 175
   Wired Host Operation 176
       Intra-Subnet Traffic in the Fabric 176
       Inter-Subnet Traffic in the Fabric 179
       Traffic to Destinations Outside of the Fabric 180
   Wireless Host Operation 180
       Initial Onboarding and Registration 180
Cisco SD-Access Troubleshooting 181
   Fabric Edge 182
   Fabric Control Plane 186
Authentication/Policy Troubleshooting 188
   Authentication 188
   Policy 190
   Scalable Group Tags 191
Summary 193
References in This Chapter 193
Chapter 7 Advanced Cisco Software-Defined Access Topics 195
Cisco Software-Defined Access Extension to IoT 196
   Types of Extended Nodes 198
       Extended Nodes 198
       Policy Extended Nodes 198
   Configuration of Extended Nodes 200
   Onboarding the Extended Node 203
   Packet Walk of Extended Cisco SD-Access Use Cases 205
       Use Case: Hosts in Fabric Communicating with Hosts Connected Outside the Fabric 205
       Use Case: Traffic from a Client Connected to a Policy Extended Node 206
       Use Case: Traffic to a Client Connected to a Policy Extended Node 207
       Use Case: Traffic Flow Within a Policy Extended Node 207
Multicast in Cisco SD-Access 208
   Multicast Overview 209
   IP Multicast Delivery Modes 210
Multicast Flows in Cisco SD-Access 210
   Scenario 1: Multicast in PIM ASM with Head-End Replication (Fabric RP) 211
   Scenario 2: Multicast in PIM SSM with Head-End Replication 213
   Scenario 3: Cisco SD-Access Fabric Native Multicast 214
   Cisco SD-Access Multicast Configuration in Cisco DNA Center 216
Layer 2 Flooding in Cisco SD-Access 218
   Layer 2 Flooding Operation 219
Layer 2 Border in Cisco SD-Access 221
   Layer 2 Intersite 224
   Layer 2 Intersite Design and Traffic Flow 224
   Fabric in a Box in Cisco SD-Access 227
Cisco SD-Access for Distributed Campus Deployments 228
   Types of Transit 229
       IP Transit 229
       Fabric Multisite or Multidomain with IP Transit 230
       Cisco SD-Access Transit 232
       Cisco SD-WAN Transit 237
   Policy Deployment Models in Cisco SD-Access Distributed Deployment 238
Cisco SD-Access Design Considerations 240
   Latency Considerations 240
   Cisco SD-Access Design Approach 241
       Very Small Site 241
       Small Site 242
       Medium Site 243
       Large Site 243
       Single-Site Design Versus Multisite Design 244
       Cisco SD-Access Component Considerations 245
       Underlay Network 246
       Underlay Network Design Considerations 246
       Overlay Network 247
       Overlay Fabric Design Considerations 247
       Fabric Control Plane Node Design Considerations 248
       Fabric Border Node Design Considerations 248
       Infrastructure Services Design Considerations 249
       Fabric Wireless Integration Design Considerations 249
       Wireless Over-the-Top Centralized Wireless Option Design Considerations 250
       Mixed SD-Access Wireless and Centralized Wireless Option Design Considerations 250
       Wireless Guest Deployment Considerations 250
       Security Policy Design Considerations 251
Cisco SD-Access Policy Extension to Cisco ACI 252
Summary 254
References in This Chapter 254
Chapter 8 Advanced Cisco DNA Center 255
Cisco DNA Center Architecture and Connectivity 256
   Hardware and Scale 256
   Network Connectivity 256
   High Availability and Clustering with Cisco DNA Center 258
Software Image Management 259
   Image Repository 261
   Golden Image 262
   Upgrading Devices 263
Cisco DNA Center Templates 266
   Template Creation 267
   Template Assignment and Network Profiles 269
   Deploying Templates 270
Plug and Play 272
   Onboarding Templates 273
   PnP Agent 275
   Claiming a Device 276
Cisco DNA Center Tools 280
   Topology 280
   Command Runner 281
   Security Advisories 283
Summary 284
References in This Chapter 284
Chapter 9 Cisco DNA Assurance 285
Assurance Benefits 285
   Challenges of Traditional Implementations 285
   Cisco DNA Analytics 286
Cisco DNA Assurance Architecture 287
   Cisco DNA Assurance Data Collection Points 289
       Streaming Telemetry 290
       Network Time Travel 292
   Health Dashboards 292
       Overall Health Dashboard 293
       Network Health Dashboard 294
       Cisco SD-Access Fabric Network Health 296
       Client Health Dashboard 297
       Application Health Dashboard 299
Cisco DNA Assurance Tools 300
   Intelligent Capture 300
   Anomaly Capture 301
   Path Trace 303
   Sensor Tests 303
   Cisco AI Network Analytics 304
Summary 306
References in This Chapter 306
Glossary 307
9780136448389Â Â Â Â TOCÂ Â Â Â 6/24/2020
Chapter 1 Today's Networks and the Drivers for Change 1
Networks of Today 1
Common Business and IT Trends 4
Common Desired Benefits 5
High-Level Design Considerations 6
Cisco Digital Network Architecture 10
Past Solutions to Today's Problems 12
   Spanning-Tree and Layer 2–Based Networks 13
Introduction to Multidomain 16
   Cloud Trends and Adoption 18
Summary 20
Chapter 2 Introduction to Cisco Software-Defined Access 21
Challenges with Today's Networks 22
Software-Defined Networking 22
Cisco Software-Defined Access 23
   Cisco Campus Fabric Architecture 24
   Campus Fabric Fundamentals 25
   Cisco SD-Access Roles 27
Network Access Control 30
   Why Network Access Control? 31
Introduction to Cisco Identity Services Engine 32
   Overview of Cisco Identity Services Engine 32
   Cisco ISE Features 34
       Secure Access 34
       Device Administration 37
       Guest Access 38
       Profiling 40
       Bring Your Own Device 45
       Compliance 46
       Integrations with pxGrid 48
   Cisco ISE Design Considerations 50
   Cisco ISE Architecture 50
   Cisco ISE Deployment Options 51
       Standalone Deployment 51
       Distributed Deployment 51
       Dedicated Distributed Deployment 52
Segmentation with Cisco TrustSec 54
   Cisco TrustSec Functions 54
       Classification 55
       Propagation 55
       Enforcement 57
Summary 58
Chapter 3 Introduction to Cisco DNA Center 59
Network Planning and Deployment Trends 59
History of Automation Tools 60
Cisco DNA Center Overview 62
Design and Visualization of the Network 64
   Site Design and Layout 64
   Network Settings 69
   Wireless Deployments 70
Network Discovery and Inventory 72
   Discovery Tool 72
   Inventory 74
Device Configuration and Provisioning 77
Summary 79
Chapter 4 Cisco Software-Defined Access Fundamentals 81
Network Topologies 81
Cisco Software-Defined Access Underlay 82
   Manual Underlay 83
   Automated Underlay: LAN Automation 84
Wireless LAN Controllers and Access Points in Cisco Software-Defined Access 89
Shared Services 90
Transit Networks 91
   IP-Based Transit 91
   SD-Access Transit 92
Fabric Creation 92
   Fabric Location 93
   Fabric VNs 94
Fabric Device Roles 94
   Control Plane 95
   Fabric Borders 96
   Border Automation 98
   Border and Control Plane Collocation 99
   Fabric Edge Nodes 100
   Intermediate Nodes 103
   External Connectivity 104
       Fusion Router 104
Host Onboarding 105
   Authentication Templates 105
   VN to IP Pool Mapping 106
   SSID to IP Pool Mapping 108
   Switchport Override 109
Summary 110
References in This Chapter 110
Chapter 5 Cisco Identity Services Engine with Cisco DNA Center 111
Policy Management in Cisco DNA Center with Cisco ISE 112
   Integration of Cisco DNA Center and ISE 113
       Certificates in Cisco DNA Center 113
       Certificates on Cisco Identity Services Engine 115
       Cisco ISE and Cisco DNA Center Integration Process 116
Group-Based Access Control 122
Segmentation with Third-Party RADIUS Server 126
Secure Host Onboarding in Enterprise Networks 128
   Endpoint Host Modes in 802.1X 128
       Single-Host Mode 128
       Multi-Host Mode 128
       Multi-Domain Mode 129
       Multi-Auth Mode 129
802.1X Phased Deployment 130
   Why a Phased Approach? 131
       Phase I: Monitor Mode (Visibility Mode) 132
       Phase II: Low-Impact Mode 133
       Phase II: Closed Mode 134
Host Onboarding with Cisco DNA Center 136
   No Authentication Template 137
   Open Authentication Template 138
   Closed Authentication 140
   Easy Connect 141
Security in Cisco Software-Defined Access Network 144
   Macro-Segmentation in Cisco SD-Access 144
   Micro-Segmentation in Cisco SD-Access 145
Policy Set Overview in Cisco ISE 146
Segmentation Policy Construction in Cisco SD-Access 148
   Corporate Network Access Use Case 149
   Guest Access Use Case 159
Segmentation Outside the Fabric 164
Summary 164
References in This Chapter 165
Chapter 6 Cisco Software-Defined Access Operation and Troubleshooting 167
Cisco SD-Access Under the Covers 167
   Fabric Encapsulation 167
       LISP 168
       VXLAN 171
       MTU Considerations 172
Host Operation and Packet Flow in Cisco SD-Access 172
   DHCP in Cisco SD-Access 172
   Wired Host Onboarding and Registration 175
   Wired Host Operation 176
       Intra-Subnet Traffic in the Fabric 176
       Inter-Subnet Traffic in the Fabric 179
       Traffic to Destinations Outside of the Fabric 180
   Wireless Host Operation 180
       Initial Onboarding and Registration 180
Cisco SD-Access Troubleshooting 181
   Fabric Edge 182
   Fabric Control Plane 186
Authentication/Policy Troubleshooting 188
   Authentication 188
   Policy 190
   Scalable Group Tags 191
Summary 193
References in This Chapter 193
Chapter 7 Advanced Cisco Software-Defined Access Topics 195
Cisco Software-Defined Access Extension to IoT 196
   Types of Extended Nodes 198
       Extended Nodes 198
       Policy Extended Nodes 198
   Configuration of Extended Nodes 200
   Onboarding the Extended Node 203
   Packet Walk of Extended Cisco SD-Access Use Cases 205
       Use Case: Hosts in Fabric Communicating with Hosts Connected Outside the Fabric 205
       Use Case: Traffic from a Client Connected to a Policy Extended Node 206
       Use Case: Traffic to a Client Connected to a Policy Extended Node 207
       Use Case: Traffic Flow Within a Policy Extended Node 207
Multicast in Cisco SD-Access 208
   Multicast Overview 209
   IP Multicast Delivery Modes 210
Multicast Flows in Cisco SD-Access 210
   Scenario 1: Multicast in PIM ASM with Head-End Replication (Fabric RP) 211
   Scenario 2: Multicast in PIM SSM with Head-End Replication 213
   Scenario 3: Cisco SD-Access Fabric Native Multicast 214
   Cisco SD-Access Multicast Configuration in Cisco DNA Center 216
Layer 2 Flooding in Cisco SD-Access 218
   Layer 2 Flooding Operation 219
Layer 2 Border in Cisco SD-Access 221
   Layer 2 Intersite 224
   Layer 2 Intersite Design and Traffic Flow 224
   Fabric in a Box in Cisco SD-Access 227
Cisco SD-Access for Distributed Campus Deployments 228
   Types of Transit 229
       IP Transit 229
       Fabric Multisite or Multidomain with IP Transit 230
       Cisco SD-Access Transit 232
       Cisco SD-WAN Transit 237
   Policy Deployment Models in Cisco SD-Access Distributed Deployment 238
Cisco SD-Access Design Considerations 240
   Latency Considerations 240
   Cisco SD-Access Design Approach 241
       Very Small Site 241
       Small Site 242
       Medium Site 243
       Large Site 243
       Single-Site Design Versus Multisite Design 244
       Cisco SD-Access Component Considerations 245
       Underlay Network 246
       Underlay Network Design Considerations 246
       Overlay Network 247
       Overlay Fabric Design Considerations 247
       Fabric Control Plane Node Design Considerations 248
       Fabric Border Node Design Considerations 248
       Infrastructure Services Design Considerations 249
       Fabric Wireless Integration Design Considerations 249
       Wireless Over-the-Top Centralized Wireless Option Design Considerations 250
       Mixed SD-Access Wireless and Centralized Wireless Option Design Considerations 250
       Wireless Guest Deployment Considerations 250
       Security Policy Design Considerations 251
Cisco SD-Access Policy Extension to Cisco ACI 252
Summary 254
References in This Chapter 254
Chapter 8 Advanced Cisco DNA Center 255
Cisco DNA Center Architecture and Connectivity 256
   Hardware and Scale 256
   Network Connectivity 256
   High Availability and Clustering with Cisco DNA Center 258
Software Image Management 259
   Image Repository 261
   Golden Image 262
   Upgrading Devices 263
Cisco DNA Center Templates 266
   Template Creation 267
   Template Assignment and Network Profiles 269
   Deploying Templates 270
Plug and Play 272
   Onboarding Templates 273
   PnP Agent 275
   Claiming a Device 276
Cisco DNA Center Tools 280
   Topology 280
   Command Runner 281
   Security Advisories 283
Summary 284
References in This Chapter 284
Chapter 9 Cisco DNA Assurance 285
Assurance Benefits 285
   Challenges of Traditional Implementations 285
   Cisco DNA Analytics 286
Cisco DNA Assurance Architecture 287
   Cisco DNA Assurance Data Collection Points 289
       Streaming Telemetry 290
       Network Time Travel 292
   Health Dashboards 292
       Overall Health Dashboard 293
       Network Health Dashboard 294
       Cisco SD-Access Fabric Network Health 296
       Client Health Dashboard 297
       Application Health Dashboard 299
Cisco DNA Assurance Tools 300
   Intelligent Capture 300
   Anomaly Capture 301
   Path Trace 303
   Sensor Tests 303
   Cisco AI Network Analytics 304
Summary 306
References in This Chapter 306
Glossary 307
9780136448389Â Â Â Â TOCÂ Â Â Â 6/24/2020
Jason Gooley, CCIE No. 38759 (RS and SP), is a very enthusiastic and spontaneous person who has more than 25 years of experience in the industry. Currently, Jason works as a technical evangelist for the Worldwide Enterprise Networking sales team at Cisco Systems. Jason is very passionate about helping others in the industry succeed. In addition to being a Cisco Press author, Jason is a distinguished speaker at CiscoLive, contributes to the development of the Cisco CCIE and DevNet exams, provides training for Learning@Cisco, is an active CCIE mentor, is a committee member for the Cisco Continuing Education Program (CE), and is a program committee member of the Chicago Network Operators Group (CHI-NOG), www.chinog.org. Jason also hosts a show called MetalDevOps. Jason can be found at www.MetalDevOps.com, @MetalDevOps, and @Jason_Gooley on all social media platforms.
Roddie Hasan, CCIE No. 7472 (RS), is a technical solutions architect for Cisco Systems and has 29 years of networking experience. He has been with Cisco for more than 12 years and is a subject matter expert on enterprise networks. His role is supporting customers and account teams globally, with a focus on Cisco DNA Center and Cisco Software-Defined Access. He also specializes in technologies such as MPLS, Enterprise BGP, and SD-WAN. Prior to joining Cisco, Roddie worked in the U.S. federal government and service provider verticals. Roddie blogs at www.ccie.tv and can be found on Twitter at @eiddor.
Srilatha Vemula, CCIE No. 33670 (SEC), is a technical solutions architect for the Worldwide Enterprise Networking Sales team at Cisco Systems. There, she works with account teams and systems engineers to help Cisco customers adopt Cisco DNA Center, Cisco SD-Access, Cisco Identity Services Engine, and Cisco TrustSec. Srilatha has served in multiple roles at Cisco, including technical consulting engineer and security solutions architect. She led the design and implementation of security projects using Cisco flagship security products for key U.S. financial customers.
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