Child Welfare and Family Services: Policies and Practice, 8th edition
Published by Pearson (December 27, 2007) © 2009
- Susan Whitelaw Downs
- Ernestine Moore
- Emily Jean McFadden
- Lela B. Costin (late) Professor Emerita, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne
- Hardcover, paperback or looseleaf edition
- Affordable rental option for select titles
- Free shipping on looseleafs and traditional textbooks
- Comprehensive coverage of issues - including juvenile justice, advocacy, U.S. Supreme Court decisions, federal legislation such as AFSA and TANF, and statistical updates - place content and practice methods in a strong legal context.
- Numerous case studies, suggestions for additional study and further discussions, and Internet sites at the end of each chapter allow students to further expand their interest and research into any issue.
- New and updated material on child well-being, child outcome measures, new approaches to ensuring child safety, child welfare in a global context, issues relating to immigrants and refugees, cultural competence - such as services to gay/lesbian children and families - and the relationship of substance abuse and domestic violence to child welfare has been expanded upon.
- Streamlined and updated throughout.
- Expanded coverage of child welfare practice, including a new chapter devoted to the fundamentals of practice (Ch. 4)
- Provides new information on forensic interviewing and court documentation (Ch.6)
- Applies and explains legal skills that all child welfare practice professionals need for the field (Ch.6)
- Contains a new model combining family continuity and concurrent planning (Ch.9)
- New charts, tables, and cases in the text act as handy references to students - for everything from federal legislation and juvenile justice, to child outcome accountability and advocacy techniques
- A new chapter on Professional Responsibility: Ethics and Advocacy, covers a variety of professional issues in child welfare from legal and practice perspectives (Ch. 12),
- New case examples examine current issues in child welfare such as legal liability, burn out, and advocacy for policy change
- Excellent coverage of theories related to child welfare practice are covered; including the ecological perspective, social learning theory, attachment theory, and the risk and resilience perspective
- Up-to-date, accurate and clear discussion of federal programs and policies that affect families and children, with honest assessments of the effectiveness of these policies, including an in depth discussion of welfare reform and its effects on families and children
Preface
1. An Introduction to Family and Child Services
The Changing American Family
Problems of Children and Young Persons
Being Poor Means Being at Risk
Alienation, Violence, and Substance Abuse
Children of Vulnerable Families
Rights and Responsibilities
Rights and Responsibilities of Children
Rights and Responsibilities of Parents
Rights and Responsibilities of Society
Historical Highlights of Services to Families and Children
Indenture and “Outdoor Relief”
Children’s Institutions and the Growth of Voluntary Agencies
State Boards of Charities
Federal Government Involvement
Growth of Federal Programs
Public Policies for Families and Children
Family Policy
Child and Family Services
Principles of Child and Family Services
Classification of Services
Pyramid of Services
Race and Ethnicity in Child Welfare
The Organization of Services
Public Child Welfare Services
Voluntary Family and Child Agencies
Proprietary Child Welfare Services
Interagency Partnerships
Program Example: System of Care
Trends and Issues
Child Welfare in a Global Context
The Increasing Complexity of Child Welfare Practice
Disaster Planning
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
2. Government Programs to Support Families and Children
CASE EXAMPLE: WELFARE REFORM CREATES HARD CHOICES FOR MOTHERS
FAMILY INCOME SECURITY
NATURE OF POVERTY AMONG CHILDREN
Extent
Factors Contributing to Poverty
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES
Background of the TANF Program
Provisions of TANF
WORK AND FAMILY SUPPORTS
SCHIP and Medicaid
Food Programs
Earned Income Tax Credit
Child Support Enforcement
Social Insurance
Supplemental Security Income
ASSESSMENT OF WELFARE REFORM
SUPPORTING FAMILIES WITH DAY CARE AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Federal Legislation
The Family and Medical Leave Act
Day Care Regulation
Working Parents’ Child Care Arrangements
Head Start
Does Head Start Have Lasting Effects?
Policy Issues in Child Care: Availability, Cost, and Quality
MEASURING THE WELL-BEING OF AMERICA’S CHILDREN
TRENDS AND ISSUES
Income Supports for Immigrant Families
Welfare Reform: Challenging Population
CHAPTER SUMMARY
FOR STUDY AND DISCUSSION
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
REFERENCES
3. Services to Prevent Maltreatment and Support Families
Case Example: Reaching Out to a Family at Risk for Child Maltreatment
Need for Preventive and Family Support Services
The Many Faces of Family Life
Single-Parent Families
Families with Lesbian or Gay Parents
Early Childbearing and the Family
Culturally Diverse Families
Immigrant Families
African American Families
Hispanic/Latino Families
Native American Families
Framework for Preventive and Family Support Services
Attributes of Preventive Services
Levels of Preventive Services
Attachment Theory
Social Learning Theory
Risk and Protective Factors in Child Abuse and Neglect
An Ecological Model: Prevention of Maltreatment of Children with Disabilities
Family Support Services
Home Visiting: Hawaii’s Healthy Start Program
Family Support Programs for Teen Parents
Special Services for Pregnant and Parenting Teens
Family Support Programs in Economically Deprived Communities
Assessment of Family Support Programs
Social Work Roles in Family Support
Other Approaches to Strengthening Families
Prevention Programs for Children and Adolescents
Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs
Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Programs
Community Approaches
Multiservice Centers for Chinese Immigrant Families
Interagency Cooperation to Prevent Child Maltreatment
Community Awareness Campaigns
Fatherhood Programs
Trends and Issues
Controversy over Corporal Punishment
Child Maltreatment Prevention and the Schools
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
4: Child Welfare Principles and Practice
Case Example: The Jones Family Experiences the Child Welfare System
Introduction
Nature and Use of Authority
Fundamental Principles of Child Welfare Practice
Child Safety, Well-being and Permanency
Child Focused, Family-centered Practice
The Casework Process
What is Casework?
Fundamentals of the Casework Process
Basic Tasks in Child Welfare Practice
Information Gathering
Assessment
Service Planning and Service Delivery
Case Record Documentation
Crisis Intervention and Stabilization Services
Trends and Issues
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
5. Law and Procedure: Court Intervention with Children, Youth, and Families
Introduction
The Juvenile Court Movement
Philosophy and Purpose
Founding
The Early Question of Constitutionality
Supreme Court Decisions: New Procedural Directions
The Family Court Movement
The Criminal Court Movement
The Structure of the Legal System
Trial and Appellate Courts
Jurisdiction
Evidence
Standards of Proof
Indian Child Welfare Act: An Example of Federal Law Superseding State Law
Legal Matters in the Child Welfare System
Abuse, Neglect, Abandonment, or Dependency
Juvenile Delinquency
Status Offenses
Adoption
Guardianship
Paternity Establishment, Support, and Visitation
Child Custody, Support, and Visitation
Court Procedures
Processing the Abuse/Neglect or Delinquency Case in Juvenile or Family Court
How a Juvenile Offender Comes before the Criminal Court
Processing a Juvenile Offender in Criminal Court
The Role of the Caseworker in the Court Process
Critical Elements in Forensic Interviewing
Case Record Documentation
Example: Case Documentation
Example: Court Report
Testifying
Working with Other Professionals
Trends and Issues
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
6: Protecting Children from Abuse and Neglect
Case Example: A Protective Services Investigation
Incidence
Aims and Special Attributes of Child Protective Services
Historical Development of Protective Services
Early Attitudes toward the Treatment of Children
Beginnings of Care for Neglected Children
Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
Who Should Do Protective Work?
The Rediscovery of Child Abuse: The Battered Child Syndrome
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
Shifting Priorities: Child Safety and Family Preservation
The Definitional Dilemma
Dimensions of Child Maltreatment
Cultural Attitudes
Reporting Child Maltreatment
Problems with the Reporting Law
Filing a Report
An Ecological View of Child Maltreatment
Social/Environmental Risk Factors
Parental Characteristics
Child Characteristics
Types of Child Maltreatment
Child Neglect
Types of Neglect
Child Abuse
Psychological Maltreatment
Sexual Abuse of Children
Consequences of Child Maltreatment
Child Fatalities
The Resilient Child
The Practice of Child Protection
Core Services of Child Protective Services
Decision Making in Child Protective Services
Assessing Risk and Safety
Protecting Children at Home or in Foster Care
Aspects of Community Support and Influence
Multidisciplinary Teams
Advocacy Organizations
Trends and Issues
Child Protective Services in a Comprehensive System
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
7. Family Preservation Services
Case Example: Using Intensive Family-Based Services to Prevent Placement
Controversy Concerning Family Preservation Philosophy and Services
Characteristics of Family Preservation Services
Principles of Family Preservation Services
Theoretical Base
Programs that Prevent Placement and Preserve Families
The Homebuilders Model
Other Models
Family Preservation and Domestic Violence
Family Preservation and Children’s Mental Health Needs
Family Preservation for Substance-Affected Families
The Practice of Family-Based Services
Case Study: Protecting Children from Sexual Abuse and Domestic Violence in a Rural Setting
Culturally Competent Family Preservation Services
Other Approaches that Help High-Risk Families
Treating Loneliness
Help with Reality Problems
Evaluation of Family Preservation Programs
Kinship Care as Family Preservation
The Cultural Tradition of Kinship Care among American Indian Families
The Cultural Tradition of Kinship Care among African American Families
Family Group Decision Making
Case Study of Mental Health Consumers
Policy and Program Issues in Kinship Care
Trends and Issues
Assessment of Family Functioning
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
8. Foster Care: History, Laws, Policies, and Structure
Introduction
Why Children Are Placed in Care
Family Characteristics
Characteristics of Children in Care
Age, Ethnicity, and Other Variables
Basic Characteristics of Foster Care
Underlying Principles
Historical Development
Indenture, Almshouses, and Institutions
Orphan Trains and Free Foster Homes
The White House Conference on Children
Child Welfare Reforms in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries
Family Foster Care, A Response to Institutional Care
The Permanency Planning Movement
Family Preservation
Family Continuity and Kinship/Relative Care
Safety, Well-being, and Permanency
Residential Care — Renewed Interest
Federal Role in Child Welfare
Title IV of the Social Security Act
The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978
The Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 as Amended by the Interethnic Placement Provisions of 1996
The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997
The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999
The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005
The Safe and Timely Interstate Placement of Foster Children Act of 2006
The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006
The Child and Family Services Improvement Act of 2006
The Child and Family Services Review Process
State Role in Child Welfare
Policy Framework
Funding Framework
Service Delivery Framework
Foster Care Placement Options
Kinship/Relative Foster Care
Policy and Program Issues in Kinship Care
Nonrelated Family Foster Care
Types of Family Foster Homes
Specialized and Treatment Foster Care
Shared Family Care
Residential Group Care
Agency Group Homes
Independent Living Services
Professional Issues in Foster Care
Staff Education, Training and Supervision
Conflicts in Providing Services to Children and Parents
Facilitating Effective Teamwork
Resource Availability
Foster Parent and Relative Caregiver Training and Monitoring
Protecting Children and Youth in Out-of-Home Care
Media or Advocacy Group Involvement
Monitoring and Oversight
Trends and Issues
Privatization and Managed Care
Minority Overrepresentation
Subsidized Guardianship
Paternal Relatives as Placement Options
Class Action Litigation
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
Chapter 9: Foster Care Practice and Issues
Introduction
Standards for Decision Making
Concurrent Planning
Case Example: Concurrent Planning
What is Concurrent Planning?
Concurrent Planning Practice
Working with the Placement Process
Parental Involvement
Selecting the Placement Type
Child Assessment and Initial Placement Selection
Team Decision Making
Information Sharing
Engaging the Children, Parents, Natural Helpers, and Service Providers
Working with Parents
Addressing Parental Conditions and Behaviors
Family Centered Practice for Family Reunification
Parent-Child Visiting
Engaging the Parent in the Child’s Care during Foster Care
Parent-Agency Service Agreement
Case Review
Case Example: Family Reunification
Post Reunification Services
Reentry into Foster Care
Termination of Parental Rights
Other Permanency Options
Long-term Relative Care
Legal or Subsidized Guardianship
Another Planned Permanent Living Arrangement
Emancipation
Meeting the Needs of Children in Foster Care
Relationships Count: Attachment and Separation
Safety
Child Well-being
Education
Physical Health
Mental Health
Permanency
Children Requiring Therapeutic Interventions
Children Requiring Intensive Casework Services
Sibling Groups
Older Children and Adolescents
Children Re-entering Foster Care
Children in the System as Legal Orphans
Gay and Lesbian Youth
Preparing Youth for Independent Living and Aging Out
Supervision in Foster Care
What Do We Mean by Competent and Committed?
Techniques for Nurturing and Growing Staff
Planned Meetings
Trends and Issues
Role of Youth in Foster Care
Children who AWOL
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References and Other Resources
10. Families by Adoption
Case Example: Helping an Older Child Use Adoption
The Changing World of Adoption
Historical Development
Early Adoption Practices in the United States
Infant Adoptions
Adoption Today: Adoption of Children from the Child Welfare System
Adoption Today: The Cooperative Adoption Movement
Some Adoption Facts and Patterns
Agency and Independent Placements
Underlying Principles of the Agency Adoptive Process
The Experience of Adoption
The Birth Parents
The Child
The Adoptive Family
The Legal Framework for Adoption
Parental Consent or Termination of Parental Rights
Serving the Child’s Best Interests
Confidentiality
Postadoption Services
The Jenkins Siblings: An Example of Postadoption Services
Dynamics in Adoptive Family Development
Survival Behaviors or Coping Strategies
Adoption Disruption and Dissolution
Searches and Reunions
Adoption of Children from the Public Child Welfare System
Children Who Wait
Overcoming Barriers to Timely Adoption
Adoption Subsidies
Adoption Resource Exchanges
Kinship Adoption
Adoption of Children of Color
African American Children
Native American Children
Hispanic/Latino Children
Strengthening Transracial Placements
Intercountry Adoptions
Trends and Issues
Gay/Lesbian Adoptive Parents
Open Adoption: Continuing Contact after Adoption
Adoption of Older Children and Adolescents
Paternal Relative Adoptions: Sibling Splits
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
11. Juvenile Delinquents: The Community’s Dilemma
Case Example
Juvenile Offender Categories
Scope of the Problem
Historical Development of Juvenile Delinquency Services
From Adult Criminal Court to Juvenile Court
Federal Government Leadership
Back to the Criminal Court
Risk Factors for Delinquency
Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Intervention Strategies
Prevention and Intervention with Status Offenders
Prevention and Early Intervention with Nonchronic Offenders
Intervention with Chronic or Serious Juvenile Offenders
The Female Juvenile Offender
Trends and Issues
Overrepresentation of Minorities
Alternatives to the Use of Secure Detention
Community Readiness to Support Alternative Programs
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Study and Discussion Questions
Internet Sites
References
12. Professional Responsibilities: Ethics and Advocacy
Case Example: Balancing Client Advocacy and Ethical Requirements
Case Commentary
Professional Responsibility
National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics
Professional Malpractice and Liability
Confidentiality and Privileges
Working with Other Professionals
Self-care: Preventing Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, or Vicarious Traumatization
Special Issues in Child Welfare Practice
Treatment in a Managed Care Environment
Duty to Warn and Report
Forensic Social Work Practice
Testifying in Administrative and Judicial Proceedings
Child Advocacy
Responsibility for Advancing Social and Economic Justice
Advocacy in the Local and Global Context
What is Advocacy?
Case, Class, and Policy Advocacy
Components of Child Advocacy
Case Example: Using Different Advocacy Strategies and Skills
Trends and Issues
Chapter Summary
For Study and Discussion
Internet Sites
References
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