Blueprint Reading for the Machine Trades, 8th edition

Russ R. Schultz
Larry Lorenzo Smith University of Utah

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For introductory blueprint reading courses.

A practical workbook guiding students in blueprint interpretation

Blueprint Reading for the Machine Trades systematically teaches the skills manufacturing trades students need to read and interpret blueprints. Students master each new concept through immediate hands-on problem-solving. No prior blueprint reading knowledge or specialized materials are required.

The 8th Edition reflects the latest industry standards, including ASME Y14.5-2009 and CAN3-B78.1-M83. The text has proven itself useful both in classroom and industrial settings, and has also been widely used in self-teaching.

Hallmark features of this title

Facilitating student comprehension

The content follows a logical progression. It begins with basic print reading, then moves to visualization, and finally, to multiview drawings.
Both U.S. Customary Units (inches) and the International System of Units (metric) are used throughout the text.

Stimulating questions

New material is followed by assignments so students can immediately apply concepts.
Questions pertaining to previously introduced material appear throughout the text, reinforcing earlier concepts and supporting retention.
Question structure reflects student feedback on the most challenging topics. Question styles include short answer, multiple choice, true/false and sketching.

New and updated features of this title

Content updates

REVISED: The 8th edition has been revised to omit outdated information and data.
EXPANDED: The section on profile tolerances has been expanded to include coplanar surfaces.
UPDATED: The text adheres to current standards: ASME Y14.5-2009 Dimensioning and Tolerancing standard and CAN3-B78.1-M83 (reaffirmed 1990) Technical Drawings—General Principles.

Visual enhancements

NEW: A drawing with GDT applications of profile of a surface has been added.
UPDATED: All drawings in this edition reflect the latest standards established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA).

UNIT 1

1.1 Dictionary of Terms
1.2 Standard Abbreviations
1.3 Alphabet of Lines

UNIT 2

2.1 Dimensioning Systems
2.2 Blueprints
2.3 Engineering Drawings
2.4 Title Blocks
2.5 Drawing Notes
2.6 Single-View Drawings
2.7 Detail Drawings
2.8 Center Lines
2.9 Diameters and Radii
2.10 Break Lines
2.11 Typical Dimensions
2.12 Tolerances
2.13 Bolt Circles
2.14 Maximum Material Condition and Least Material Condition
2.15 Allowance
2.16 Arcs and Circles

UNIT 3

3.1 Orthographic Projection
3.2 Third-Angle Projection
3.3 First-Angle Projection
3.4 Isometric Sketching

UNIT 4

4.1 Reading Multiview Drawings
4.2 Precedence of Lines
4.3 Accumulated Tolerances
4.4 Dimensioning Methods

UNIT 5

5.1 Orthographic Projection of Inclined Planes
5.2 Foreshortened Views
5.3 Angular Dimensions
5.4 Included Angle
5.5 Slots and Grooves

UNIT 6

6.1 Reference Dimensions
6.2 Blind Holes
6.3 Chamfers
6.4 Keyseats and Keyways
6.5 Counterbores and Countersinks
6.6 Angular Hole Locations
6.7 Castings
6.8 Finish Symbols
6.9 Finish Allowance
6.10 Fillets and Rounds
6.11 Clearance Holes
6.12 Half-Views
6.13 Starting Dimensions
6.14 Surface Roughness
6.15 Roughness Average (R_a)
6.16 Surface Roughness Chart
6.17 Surface Texture Symbol

UNIT 7

7.1 Bosses and Pads
7.2 Slotted Holes
7.3 Casting Dimensions
7.4 Tapers
7.5 Standard Tapers
7.6 Necks
7.7 Limits
7.8 Single Limits
7.9 Steel Processing
7.10 Steel Specifications
7.11 General Properties of Alloy Steels
7.12 Steel Carbon Content
7.13 Partial Enlarged Views
7.14 Stock Sizes
7.15 Knurling
7.16 Heat-Treat Notes

UNIT 8

8.1 Sectional Views
8.2 Full Sections and Half-Sections
8.3 Wall Thickness
8.4 Symbology
8.5 Annular Grooves
8.6 Cast Iron
8.7 Spotfacing
8.8 Revolved Sections
8.9 Broken-Out Sections
8.10 Ribs in Section
8.11 Rotated Features
8.12 Removed Sections
8.13 Offset Sections

UNIT 9

9.1 Threaded Hole Specifications
9.2 Unified Thread Form
9.3 Thread Series
9.4 Classes of Fit
9.5 Threaded Hole Illustrations
9.6 Thread Calculations
9.7 Constant Pitch Series
9.8 Line Omission
9.9 Arrowless Dimensioning
9.10 External Threads
9.11 Thread Forms
9.12 Tabulated Dimensions
9.13 Multiple Threads
9.14 Pipe Threads
9.15 Dryseal Pipe Threads
9.16 Hex Bar Stock

UNIT 10

10.1 Typical Dimensions
10.2 Right Triangles
10.3 Repetitive Features
10.4 Detail Drawings
10.5 Drawing Revisions
10.6 Conical Tapers
10.7 Rockwell Hardness Test
10.8 Thread Specification Placement
10.9 Patent Drawings

UNIT 11

11.1 Metric Drawings
11.2 Dimensioning Symbols
11.3 Metric Threads
11.4 Dimension Conversion: Metric to Inch and Inch to Metric
11.5 Coordinate Dimensioning
11.6 Dual Dimensioning
11.7 Dimension Origin

UNIT 12

12.1 Auxiliary Views
12.2 Inclined Planes
12.3 Oblique Planes
12.4 Bend Allowance

UNIT 13

13.1 Geometric Tolerancing
13.2 Feature Control Frame
13.3 Material Condition Symbols
13.4 Projected Tolerance Zone
13.5 Basic Dimension Symbol
13.6 Between Symbol
13.7 Datum Feature Symbol
13.8 Combined Symbols
13.9 Composite Frames
13.10 Datum Target Symbol
13.11 Form Tolerances
13.12 Datums and the Datum Reference System
13.13 Orientation Tolerances

UNIT 14

14.1 Location Tolerances
14.2 Runout Tolerances
14.3 Projected Tolerance Zone
14.4 Profile Tolerances
14.5 All Over and All Around Symbols
14.6 Unilateral and Unequally Disposed Profile Tolerance
14.7 Geometric Characteristic Symbols
14.8 Former Practices
14.9 Comparison of Symbols

UNIT 15

15.1 Spur Gear Terminology
15.2 Spur Gear Formulas
15.3 Spur Gears
15.4 Splines

UNIT 16

16.1 Weldments
16.2 Welding Symbols
16.3 Resistance Welds

Math Appendix

About our authors

Russell "Russ" Schultz is the self-taught author of this book. Born and raised in Racine, WI, Russ enlisted in the USAF and served in the United Kingdom from 1950 to 1954 in radio/communication repair, working with the Royal Air Force during the Korean War.

After only a high school education, Russ holds 2 USA patents he created as a self-taught engineer, while employed with Thomas Industries in Fort Atkinson, WI, where he was a senior engineer/program manager of the Moe Light fixtures division.

In 1967, with no formal teaching training, or any teaching experience, Russ accepted a mechanical drafting teaching position at Hawkeye Institute of Technology in Waterloo, Iowa, which he enjoyed until his retirement in 1991.

While Russ taught at what is now a community college, his classroom teaching materials were recommended to Prentice Hall Publishing in the late 1980s, by a sales representative, to create a textbook, because Russ's writings were considered to be thorough, yet easy to understand.

Russ is the original author of Blueprint Reading For Machine Trades, and worked on the first 3 editions of this book by himself, with encouraging support from his wife, Patricia. Their 2 grown sons, Dann and Scott, graduated from his course in the 1980s, and also assisted with the proofing process.

Co-author Larry Smith was brought on for the 4th to 7th editions, in part due to his ANSI metric knowledge as a Canadian resident, and due to his long experience teaching his students from the book. Jacen Johnson assisted with the 8th edition.

Loran W. "Larry" Smith is a retired professor at St. Clair College in Windsor, Ontario and a ToolMaker Leader at the Ford Motor Company, Experimental Glass Division in Lincoln Park, MI for 11 years. He is a member of the Technical Committee on Technical Drawings and Symbols (B159) of Canadian Standards Association.

Professor Smith has earned a Master of Arts degree in Education from Central Michigan University in Mt. Pleasant, MI, and a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and English from Lawrence Technical University in Detroit, MI. He also holds an Associate in Science degree and many certificates, including Senior Level Certification for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Jacen Johnson is a full-time tenured machining instructor at Bellingham Technical College. He has been teaching there since 2014. His education includes an AAS in Precision Machining degree from Bellingham Technical College, as well as Dodge Gearbox Engineering training, SKF Bearing and Engineering training, and Torrington Bearing and Engineering training. Prior to Bellingham Technical College, Jacen worked as a machinist and Night Shift Production Supervisor/Manager at Irongate Machine, Inc.

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