Preface
PART ONE Strategies for Reading and Writing Arguments
CHAPTER 1 Understanding Persuasion: Thinking Like a Negotiator
Argument
What Makes an Argument
The Uses of Argument
Debate
Moving from Debate to Dialogue
Dialogue
Deliberation
Deborah Tannen, “Taking a ‘War of Words’ Too Literally”
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Michael Lewis, “The Case Against Tipping”
Paula Broadwell, "Women Soldiers Crucial to US Mission"
CHAPTER 2 Reading Arguments: Thinking Like a Critic
Why Read Critically?
Preview the Reading
Skim the Reading
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Henry Wechsler, “Binge Drinking Must Be Stopped”
Consider Your Own Experience
Annotate the Reading
Summarize the Reading
Analyze and Evaluate the Reading
Argue with the Reading
Create a Debate and Dialogue Between Two or More Readings
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Fromma Harrop, “Stop Babysitting College Students” (student essay)
Construct a Debate
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Kathryn Stewart and Corina Sole, “Letter to the Editor” from the Washington Post
James C. Carter, S. J., “Letter to the Editor” from the Times-Picayune
Deliberate About the Readings
Look for Logical Fallacies
CHAPTER 3 Finding Arguments: Thinking Like a Writer
The Writing Process
Finding Topics to Argue
Developing Argumentative Topics
Finding Ideas Worth Writing About
Refining Topics
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Stephanie Bower, “What’s the Rush? Speed Yields Mediocrity in Local Television News” (student essay)
CHAPTER 4 Addressing Audiences: Thinking Like a Reader
The Target Audience
The General Audience
Guidelines for Knowing Your Audience
Adapting to Your Readers’ Attitudes
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Derrick Jackson, "Let's Ban All Flavors of Cigarettes"
Gio Batta Gori, "The Bogus 'Science' of Secondhand Smoke"
Danise Cavallaro, “Smoking: Offended by the Numbers” (student essay)
Choosing Your Words
CHAPTER 5 Shaping Arguments: Thinking Like an Architect
Components of an Argument
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Clara Spotted Elk, “Indian Bones”
Analyzing the Structure
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Ron Karpati, “I Am the Enemy”
Analyzing the Structure
Two Basic Types for Arguments
Position Arguments
Sample Position Arguments for Analysis
Sean Flynn, “Is Anything Private Anymore?”
Analysis of a Sample Position Argument
Proposal Arguments
Sample Proposal Arguments for Analysis
Amanda Collins, “Bring East Bridgewater Elementary into the World” (student essay)
Analyzing the Structure
Narrative Arguments
Sample Narrative Arguments
Jerry Fensterman, “I See Why Others Choose to Die”
Analyzing the Structure
Analyzing the Narrative Features
CHAPTER 6 Using Evidence: Thinking Like an Advocate
How Much Evidence is Enough?
Why Arguments Need Supporting Evidence
Forms of Evidence
Kari Peterson, “The Statistic Speaks: A Real Person's Argument for Universal Healthcare” (student essay)
Different Interpretations of Evidence
S. Fred Singer, “The Great Global Warming Swindle”
Some Tips About Supporting Evidence
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Arthur Allen, “Prayer in Prison: Religion as Rehabilitation”
CHAPTER 7 Establishing Claims: Thinking Like a Skeptic
The Toulmin Model
Toulmin’s Terms
Finding Warrants
Sample Arguments for Analysis
Steven Pinker, “Why They Kill Their Newborns”
An Analysis Based on the Toulmin Model
Michael Kelly, “Arguing for Infanticide”
Sample Student Argument for Analysis
Lowell Putnam, “Did I Miss Something?” (student essay)
CHAPTER 8 Using Visual Arguments: Thinking Like an Illustrator
Common Forms of Visual Arguments
Analyzing Visual Arguments
Art
Pablo Picasso’s Guernica
Norman Rockwell’s Freedom of Speech
Advertisements
Sample Ads for Analysis
Toyota Prius Ad
Fresh Step Cat Litter
Victoria’s Dirty Secret
Editorial or Political Cartoons
Mike Luckovich's "Let's Be Responsible" Cartoon
Pat Bagley’s “Back in Aught-Five ...” Cartoon
Daryl Cagle’s “I Hate Them” Cartoon
News Photographs
Ancillary Graphics: Tables, Charts, and Graphs
Sample Student Argument for Analysis
Lee Innes, “A Double Standard of Olympic Proportions” (student essay)
CHAPTER 9 Researching Arguments: Thinking Like an Investigator
Sources of Information
A Search Strategy
Sample Entries for an Annotated Bibliography
Locating Sources
Evaluating Sources
Taking Notes
Drafting Your Paper
Revising and Editing Your Paper
Preparing and Proofreading Your Final Manuscript
Plagiarism
DOCUMENTATION GUIDE: MLA and APA Styles
Where Does the Documentation Go?
Documentation Style
A Brief Guide to MLA and APA Styles
SAMPLE RESEARCH PAPERS
Shannon O’Neill, “Literature Hacked and Torn Apart: Censorship in Public Schools” (MLA) (student essay)
Dan Hoskins, "Tapped Out: Bottled Water's Detrimental Side" (APA) (student essay)
