Introduction to Computer Security, 1st edition

Published by Pearson (October 15, 2010) © 2011

  • Michael Goodrich University of California, Irvine
  • Roberto Tamassia Brown University
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For computer-security courses that are taught at the undergraduate level and that have as their sole prerequisites an introductory computer science sequence (e.g., CS 1/CS 2).

A new Computer Security textbook for a new generation of IT professionals.

Unlike most other computer security textbooks available today, Introduction to Computer Security, 1e does NOT focus on the mathematical and computational foundations of security, and it does not assume an extensive background in computer science. Instead it looks at the systems, technology, management, and policy side of security, and offers students fundamental security concepts and a working knowledge of threats and countermeasures with “just-enough” background in computer science. The result is a presentation of the material that is accessible to students of all levels.

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Fundamental Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Access Control Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3 Cryptographic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.4 Implementation and Usability Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2 Physical Security 55
2.1 Physical Protections and Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2.2 Locks and Safes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.3 Authentication Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4 Direct Attacks Against Computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
2.5 Special-Purpose Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.6 Physical Intrusion Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

3 Operating Systems Security 113
3.1 Operating Systems Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

3.2 Process Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.3 Memory and Filesystem Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

3.4 Application Program Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

4 Malware 173

4.1 Insider Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
4.2 Computer Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4.3 Malware Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
4.4 Privacy-Invasive Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

4.5 Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
4.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

5 Network Security I 221
5.1 Network Security Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
5.2 The Link Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
5.3 The Network Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
5.4 The Transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
5.5 Denial-of-Service Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

5.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

6 Network Security II 269
6.1 The Application Layer and DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
6.2 Firewalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
6.3 Tunneling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

6.4 Intrusion Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
6.5 Wireless Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

6.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

7 Web Security 327
7.1 The World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
7.2 Attacks on Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

7.3 Attacks on Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
7.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

8 Cryptography 387
8.1 Symmetric Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
8.2 Public-Key Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
8.3 Cryptographic Hash Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
8.4 Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
8.5 Details on AES and RSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
8.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

9 Security Models and Practice 445
9.1 Policy, Models, and Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
9.2 Access Control Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
9.3 Security Standards and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
9.4 Software Vulnerability Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
9.5 Administration and Auditing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
9.6 Kerberos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
9.7 Secure Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
9.8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

10 Distributed-Applications Security 487
10.1 Database Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
10.2 Email Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
10.3 Payment Systems and Auctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
10.4 Digital Rights Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
10.5 Social Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
10.6 Voting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
10.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

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