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Cognitive Development and Learning in Instructional Contexts, 3rd edition

Published by Pearson (September 18, 2007) © 2008

  • James P. Byrnes Temple University
$165.32

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  • Summaries at the beginning of each chapter and within sections of each chapter present a concise overview of material and highlight key concepts so that students know where to focus their attention as they read and can refer back to the summaries as a reference.
  • Chapters 6-12 give broad coverage to age trends in the acquisition of school skills in the areas of math, reading, writing, science, and social studies and also provide explanations of school trends. This helps teachers understand why certain classroom techniques work or do not work with different students.
  • Engaging writing style and clear, easy-to-understand language helps to maintain students' interest and make this text accessible to all levels of learners.
  • Additional case studies provide students with real-life examples of instructional techniques, classroom problems, or classroom successes so that theory can be linked to classroom practice.
  • Updated sections on brain research relevant to school-related learning provide insight to this emerging area that will influence learning.
  • Very thoroughly revised with over 300 references including studies from major journals in education, developmental, and cognitive psychology. This wide range of resources provides the most current research and also illustrates the different approaches taken by different categories of researchers.
  • New chapter on intelligence, aptitude, and expertise has been to show how these factors can help explain individuals differences in the ability to benefit from instruction
  • Revamped chapter on problem-solving and transfer updates research and clarifies the exposition.

I. FOUNDATIONS.

 

1. Introduction.  

Why This Book Was Written.

Two Central Constructs.

Why Study Developmental and Individual Differences?

Common Themes across Chapters.

 

2. Theories of Cognitive Development and Learning.  

Thorndike's Theory.

Piaget's Theory.

Schema Theory.

Information Processing Theory.

Vygotsky's Theory.

Connectionist Theories.

 

3. Memory.  

The Nature of Human Memory.

Forgetting.

Factors Related to Enhance Memory.

The Development of Memory.

Instructional Implications.

 

4. Higher-Order Thinking.  

Developmental Approaches.

Definitional Approaches.

The Transfer of Skills.

Instructional Implications.

 

5. Motivation.  

The Nature of Motivation.

The Development of Motivation.

Individual Differences in Motivation.

Instructional Implications.

 

II. AGE CHANGES IN SPECIFIC SUBJECT AREAS.

 

6. Beginning Reading.  

The Nature of Skilled Reading.

The Development of Skilled Reading.

Individual Differences in Skilled Reading.

Instructional Implications.

 

7. Reading Comprehension.  

The Nature of Reading Comprehension.

Developmental Trends in Reading Comprehension.

Individual Differences in Reading Comprehension.

Instructional Implications.

 

8. Writing.  

The Nature of Writing.

The Development of Writing Skills.

Individual Differences in Writing Ability.

Instructional Implications.

 

9. Mathematics Learning.  

The Nature of Mathematical Knowledge and Skills.

The Development of Mathematical Skills.

Individual Differences in Math Skills.

Instructional Implications.

 

10. Scientific Thinking.  

The Importance and Nature of High-Order Scientific Thinking.

The Development of Scientific Knowledge and Skills.

Individual Differences in Scientific Thinking.

Implications for Teaching.

 

11. Social Studies Learning.  

Expertise in the Social Studies.

The Development of Social Studies Knowledge and Skills.

Individual Differences in Social Studies Knowledge.

Instructional Implications.

 

12. Explaining Individual Differences.  

Effect Sizes.

Explaining Gender Differences.

Explaining Ethnic Differences.

Instructional Implications.

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