Introduction
Features of this Book
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD OF IT
- Who Needs This Book?
- Technician Qualities
- Breaking into IT with the CompTIA A+ Certification
- Basic Skills for This Course
- Types of Computers
- Basic Computer Hardware
- Mice and Keyboards
- Common Peripherals
- 1s and 0s
- Safety Notes
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
CHAPTER 2: CONNECTIVITY
- Introduction to Connectivity
- External Connectivity
- Mouse and Keyboard Ports
- Video Ports
- Audio Ports
- eSATA Ports
- Modem and Serial Ports
- Network Ports
- Network Cabling
- Integrated Motherboard Ports
- Getting to Know Ports
- Wireless Connectivity for Input Devices
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 3: ON THE MOTHERBOARD
- Introduction to the Motherboard
- Processor Overview
- Processor Basics
- Speeding Up Processor Operations Overview
- Clocking
- Cache
- Threading Technology
- Connecting to the Processor
- Multicore Processors
- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
- Introduction to Virtualization
- Intel Processors
- AMD Processors
- CPU Sockets
- Processor Cooling
- Installing a Processor
- Upgrading Processors
- Overclocking Processors
- Installing CPU Thermal Solutions
- Troubleshooting Processor Issues
- Expansion Slots
- PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
- AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
- PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
- Motherboard Security Options
- Types of Motherboards
- Upgrading and Replacing Motherboards
- Motherboard Troubleshooting
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO CONFIGURATION
- Configuration Overview
- BIOS Overview
- The Setup Program
- Flash BIOS
- BIOS/UEFI Configuration Settings
- CMOS Memory
- Motherboard Battery
- Firmware Updates: Flashing/Clearing the BIOS/UEFI
- Other Configuration Parameters
- Hardware Configuration Overview
- Installing a USB Device
- Installing an eSATA Card
- Installing a Network Interface Card
- Troubleshooting Configurations
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 5: DISASSEMBLY AND POWER
- Disassembly Overview
- Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
- Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
- Tools
- Disassembly
- Reassembly
- Preventive Maintenance
- Basic Electronics Overview
- Power Supply Overview
- Replacing or Upgrading a Power Supply
- Power Protection
- Symptoms of Power Supply Problems
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 6: MEMORY
- Memory Overview
- Memory Physical Packaging
- Planning a Memory Installation
- Installing Memory Overview
- Virtual RAM
- Monitoring Memory Usage in Windows
- Older Applications in Windows
- Troubleshooting Memory Problems
- Removable Storage
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
Chapter 7: Storage Devices
- Storage Devices Overview
- Hard Drive Overview
- Solid-State Drive (SSD) Overview
- Mechanical Drive Interfaces Overview
- M.2 and NVMe
- PATA, SATA, and SAS Connectivity
- Storage Device Configuration Overview
- System BIOS/UEFI Configuration for Storage Devices
- Hard Drive Preparation Overview
- Windows Disk Management
- Fault Tolerance
- Windows Storage Spaces
- Disk Caching/Virtual Memory
- Troubleshooting Storage Devices Overview
- Data Loss and Corruption
- Troubleshooting New Storage Device Installation
- Troubleshooting Previously Installed Storage Devices
- RAID Issues
- SSD Issues
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 8: VIDEO AND MULTIMEDIA DEVICES
- Multimedia Devices Overview
- Video Overview
- Video Cards
- Projectors
- Introduction to Audio
- Installing Sound Cards
- Sound Cards Using Windows
- Speakers
- Troubleshooting Sound Problems
- Optical Drive Overview
- Optical Drive Installation
- Troubleshooting Optical Drive Issues
- Scanners
- Other Multimedia Devices
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 9: PRINTERS AND MULTIFUNCTION DEVICES
- Printer/Multifunction Device Overview
- Categories of Printer
- Impact Printers
- Inkjet Printers
- Laser Printers
- Thermal Printers
- 3-D Printers
- Paper
- Virtual Printing
- Refilling Cartridges, Re-inking Ribbons, and Recycling Cartridges
- Upgrading Printers
- Printer Maintenance
- Printer Installation Overview
- Installing Multifunction Devices
- USB Printer Installation
- Printers in the Windows Environment
- Printer Sharing
- Cloud Printing/Scanning
- General Printer Troubleshooting
- USB-Attached Printer Troubleshooting
- Windows Printer Troubleshooting
- Impact Printer Troubleshooting
- Inkjet Printer Troubleshooting
- Laser Printer Troubleshooting
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 10: MOBILE DEVICES
- Mobile Device Overview
- Using Mobile Devices
- Cell Phones
- Mobile Apps
- Mobile Device Wired Connectivity
- Mobile Device Wireless Connectivity
- Mobile Device Email Configuration
- Mobile Device Synchronization and Backup
- Other Mobile Software Tools
- Laptops Overview
- Laptop Hardware
- Laptop Power
- Laptop Repairs Overview
- Laptop Display
- Mobile Device Security
- Mobile Device Travel and Storage
- Mobile Device Troubleshooting Overview
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 11: COMPUTER DESIGN AND TROUBLESHOOTING REVIEW
- Design Overview
- Computer System Design
- Motherboard and Associated Component Design
- Power Supply and Case Design
- Storage Subsystem Design
- Audio Subsystem Design
- Display Subsystem Design
- Troubleshooting Overview
- Step 1. Identify the Problem
- Step 2. Establish a Theory of Probable Cause (Question the Obvious)
- Step 3. Test the Theory to Determine the Cause
- Step 4. Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem and Implement the Solution
- Step 5. Verify Full System Functionality and, If Applicable, Implement Preventive Measures
- Step 6. Document the Findings, Actions, and Outcomes
- Sample Troubleshooting Flowcharts
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 12: INTERNET CONNECTIVITY, VIRTUALIZATION, AND CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
- Internet Connectivity Overview
- Dial-up Connectivity
- Cable Modems
- xDSL Modems
- VoIP
- Fiber Networks
- Satellite Modems
- Mobile Connectivity Overview
- Web Browsers
- Basic Web Browser Issues
- Introduction to Virtualization
- Desktop Virtualization Basics
- Cloud Computing
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 13: NETWORKING
- Networking Overview
- Network Media Overview
- Ethernet over Power
- Protecting Your Network and Cable Investment
- The OSI Model
- The TCP/IP Model
- Network Addressing
- More IPv4 Addressing
- Wireless Networks Overview
- Wireless Network Standards
- Wireless Network Components
- Wireless Network Design
- Antenna Basics
- Wireless and Wired Client Device Configuration Overview
- Configuring an End Device: IP Addressing
- Adding a Computer to a Windows Domain
- Wireless NIC–Specific Settings
- Advanced NIC Properties
- NIC Configuration When Using Virtualization
- Thin or Thick Client Installation Overview
- Wireless AP/Router Configuration
- WWAN Cellular Configuration
- IoT and Smart Devices
- Network Troubleshooting
- Troubleshooting Cable and DSL Modems
- Networking Multifunction Devices
- Network Servers
- Embedded, SCADA, and Legacy Systems
- Software-Defined Networking
- Network Terminology
- The TCP/IP Model in Action
- More Windows Network Settings
- Introduction to Shared Folders
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 14: INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEMS
- Operating Systems Overview
- User Interaction with Operating Systems
- Overview of Popular Operating Systems
- 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit Operating Systems
- Windows 10 and Windows 11 Versions
- Workstation Operating Systems
- Operating Systems for Mobile Devices
- End-of-Life (EOL) Concerns
- Update Limitations
- Compatibility Concerns
- Corporate Operating System Needs
- Basic Windows Usage Overview
- Windows 10 and Windows 11 Desktop Components
- Shortcuts and Tiles
- Recycle Bin
- Interactions Within a Window
- Managing Windows Files and Folders
- Searches and Indexing
- Attributes, Compression, and Encryption
- Introduction to Windows Control Panel Utilities
- Determining the Windows Version
- Windows Registry
- Editing the Windows Registry
- Backing Up Data
- WinRE
- Recovering the Windows OS
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 15: INTRODUCTION TO SCRIPTING
- Scripting Overview
- Command Prompt Overview
- Command Prompt Basics
- Moving Around from a Command Prompt
- The md and rd Commands
- Two Useful Commands: del and type
- Copying Files
- The attrib Command
- Why Learn Commands?
- PowerShell
- Other Commands You Should Look Over
- Command Format
- Introduction to Scripting
- Script File Types
- Use Cases for Scripting
- Mitigating Consequences of Scripting
- Environment Variables
- Script Syntax
- Introduction to Script Programming
- Variables
- Data Types
- Examples of Using Variables
- Comments Within Scripts
- Basic Script Constructs
- Decisions: The Selection Structure
- Compound Conditions and Logical Operators
- Loops: The Repetition Structure
- A Brief Look at VBScript and PowerShell
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 16: ADVANCED WINDOWS
- Advanced Windows Overview
- Preinstallation of Windows
- Installation/Upgrade of Windows
- Corporate Windows Deployment
- Verifying the Installation
- Troubleshooting a Windows Installation
- Reloading Windows
- Windows Updates
- Backing Up the Windows Registry and Data
- Configuring Windows Overview
- Configuring Windows
- Adding Devices
- Installing/Removing Software
- Computer Management Console
- System Tools
- User Account Management
- Managing Storage
- Managing Services and Applications
- Data Sources (ODBC)
- Print Management Console
- Overview of the Windows Boot Process
- System Restore
- Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE)
- Startup Settings Menu
- System Configuration Utility
- Task Manager
- Speeding Up the Windows Boot Process
- Troubleshooting the Windows Boot Process
- Black Screen/Video Issues
- Troubleshooting a Service That Does Not Start
- Slow Boot
- Troubleshooting Windows Network Settings
- Windows Reboots/System Instability
- Shutdown Problems
- Summary of Troubleshooting Steps
- Power Options
- Monitoring System Performance
- Supporting Windows Computers Remotely
- Preventive Maintenance for Your Operating System
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 17: MACOS AND LINUX OPERATING SYSTEMS
- Introduction to macOS
- Navigating the User Interface
- Basic System Usage, Updates, and Backups
- Management and Troubleshooting Tools
- Utilities
- Introduction to Linux
- Navigating the GNOME User Interface
- Basic System Usage, Updates, and Backups
- Command-Line Interface
- macOS and Linux Best Practices
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 18: COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY
- Security Overview
- Security Policy
- Physical Security
- Logical Security
- Considering the End User
- Licensing
- Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
- Protecting Access to Local and Network Resources
- Permissions
- Folder Options
- Protecting the Operating System and Data
- Internet Security
- Remote Access to Network Devices
- Internet Appliances
- Wireless Network Security Overview
- Security Incident Response
- A Final Word About Security
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
CHAPTER 19: OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
- Operational Procedures Overview
- Proper Power Handling and Adverse Power Conditions
- IT Documentation
- Change Management
- Chapter Summary
- Key Terms
- Review Questions
- Exercises
- Activities
Appendix A: Subnetting Basics
Appendix B: Certification Exam Objectives (Online)
Glossary