INTRODUCTION XXV
PART I INTRODUCTION TO CYBERSECURITY
CHAPTER 1
Security Principles 2
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 2
Foundation Topics 4
The CIA Triad 4
Common Security Terms 5
Types of Attackers and Their Reasons for Attacks 7
Code of Ethics 9
Summary 10
Exam Preparation Tasks 11
Review All Key Topics 12
Define Key Terms 12
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 12
Review Questions 12
CHAPTER 2
Common Threats, Attacks, and Vulnerabilities 14
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 15
Foundation Topics 16
Malware Variants 16
IoT Vulnerabilities 19
Distributed Denial of Service 19
On-Path Attacks 21
Insider Threats 23
Social Engineering Tactics 25
Phishing 26
Spear Phishing 26
Whaling 26
Vishing 26
Smishing 27
Piggybacking/Tailgating 27
Malvertising 27
Physical Attacks 27
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) 28
Summary 29
Exam Preparation Tasks 31
Review All Key Topics 31
Define Key Terms 31
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 32
Review Questions 32
CHAPTER 3
Access Management 34
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 34
Foundation Topics 36
Introduction to AAA 36
Authentication 36
Multifactor Authentication (MFA) 37
Passwords and Password Policies 39
Authorization 41
Accounting 41
RADIUS 42
Summary 44
Exam Preparation Tasks 45
Review All Key Topics 45
Define Key Terms 45
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 46
Review Questions 46
CHAPTER 4
Cryptography 48
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 49
Foundation Topics 51
Cryptography Overview 51
Encryption and Decryption 51
States of Data 52
Symmetric Cryptography 52
Asymmetric Cryptography 53
Confidentiality with Asymmetric Cryptography 53
Authentication with Asymmetric Cryptography 54
Combining Confidentiality and Authentication with Asymmetric Cryptography 54
Using Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptography 55
Types of Ciphers 56
Symmetric Ciphers 56
Types of Asymmetric Algorithms 57
Certificates and PKI 58
SCEP 62
Digital Certificates 62
Lifetime of a Digital Certificate 63
PKI Infrastructure 65
Hashing 66
Shared Secret Keys and Salting with Hashing 68
Cryptography in the Real World 69
Web Browsing 69
VPNs 70
Remote Management 70
Cisco Next-Generation Cryptography 70
Summary 71
Exam Preparation Tasks 72
Review All Key Topics 72
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 73
Define Key Terms 73
Review Questions 73
PART II NETWORK SECURITY
CHAPTER 5
Introduction to Networking, Addressing, and TCP/IP Protocols 76
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 76
Foundation Topics 78
The TCP/IP Stack 78
Common TCP/IP Protocols and Their Vulnerabilities 81
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 81
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 81
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) 82
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) 83
Media Access Control (MAC) 83
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 84
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 84
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 85
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 85
Domain Name System (DNS) 86
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 86
Telnet 87
Secure Shell (SSH) 87
Network Addressing and Its Impact on Security 88
IPv4 and IPv6 88
CIDR Notation 89
Network Segmentation 89
Public Versus Private Networks 90
NAT 92
MAC Addressing 94
Summary 94
Exam Preparation Tasks 97
Review All Key Topics 97
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 98
Define Key Terms 98
Review Questions 98
CHAPTER 6
Network Infrastructure 100
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 101
Foundation Topics 102
The Network Security Architecture 102
Screened Subnets, Virtualization, and the Cloud 103
Screened Subnet (DMZ) 103
Virtualization 105
Cloud 106
Proxy Servers 107
Forward Proxy 108
Reverse Proxy 109
Cisco WSA 111
Honeypots 112
Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems 113
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) 113
Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPSs) 113
Network-Based and Host-Based IDSs/IPSs 113
Signature-Based and Behavioral-Based Detection 113
Summary 114
Exam Preparation Tasks 115
Review All Key Topics 115
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 116
Define Key Terms 116
Review Questions 116
CHAPTER 7
Controlling Network Access 118
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 118
Foundation Topics 120
Virtual Private Networks 120
Site-to-Site 121
Remote-Access 122
IPsec 124
Firewalls 125
NGFW 127
Cisco Firepower Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) 128
Access Control Lists 129
Key Aspects and Uses of Access Control Lists 129
ACL Entries 130
Standard and Extended ACLs 132
Standard ACL 132
Extended ACL 133
ACL Evaluation 133
Network Access Control 134
Summary 137
Exam Preparation Tasks 138
Review All Key Topics 138
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 139
Define Key Terms 139
Review Questions 139
CHAPTER 8
Wireless SOHO Security 142
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 143
Foundation Topics 144
Hardening Wireless Routers and Access Points 144
Administrative Interface 144
Updates 145
Wireless Encryption Standards 146
WEP 146
WPA 146
WPA2 146
WPA3 147
Wireless Authentication 148
Personal Mode 148
Enterprise Mode 149
WPA3 Enhanced Open 150
Wi-Fi Protected Setup, SSIDs, and MAC Address Filtering 150
Wi-Fi Protected Setup 151
SSID 151
MAC Address Filtering 152
Common Wireless Network Threats and Attacks 152
Rogue Access Points and Evil Twins 152
War Driving 154
Wireless Password Cracking 154
Protecting Yourself from Wireless Attacks 155
Summary 155
Exam Preparation Tasks 157
Review All Key Topics 157
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 158
Define Key Terms 158
Review Questions 158
PART III ENDPOINT SECURITY
CHAPTER 9
Operating Systems and Tools 160
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 160
Foundation Topics 163
Host Security Features 163
Windows 164
Microsoft Defender 165
Virus & Threat Protection 165
Firewall & Network Protection 166
App & Browser Control 167
CMD and PowerShell 169
NTFS Permissions 170
BitLocker 172
Windows Updates 173
Event Viewer and Audit Logs 173
Linux 175
firewalld and UFW 175
Bash 176
Linux Permissions 178
SELinux and AppArmor 179
SELinux 179
AppArmor 180
dm-crypt and LUKS 180
Updates: yum, dnf, and apt 180
Linux Logs 181
macOS 183
Firewall 183
Zsh 184
APFS Permissions 184
FileVault 185
Updates 185
macOS Logs: Console 186
Tools 186
netstat and ss 186
nslookup and dig 187
nslookup 187
dig 188
tcpdump and Wireshark 188
tcpdump 188
Wireshark 189
syslog 190
Summary 191
Exam Preparation Tasks 192
Review All Key Topics 192
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 192
Define Key Terms 193
Review Questions 193
CHAPTER 10
Endpoint Policies and Standards 196
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 196
Foundation Topics 198
Asset Management 198
Program Deployment 199
Backups 199
Local and Remote Backups 200
Full, Differential, and Incremental Backups 200
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) 201
Pros and Cons of BYOD 202
Device and Configuration Management 202
Data Encryption 204
App Distribution 205
Regulatory Compliance 205
PCI-DSS 205
HIPAA 206
GDPR 206
Summary 207
Exam Preparation Tasks 207
Review All Key Topics 207
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 208
Define Key Terms 208
Review Questions 208
CHAPTER 11
Network and Endpoint Malware Detection and Remediation 210
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 210
Foundation Topics 211
Monitoring and Detection 211
Signature Types 212
Scanning Systems 214
Cisco AMP 215
Reviewing Logs 216
Malware Remediation Best Practices 218
Summary 218
Exam Preparation Tasks 220
Review All Key Topics 220
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 220
Define Key Terms 220
Review Questions 221
CHAPTER 12
Risk and Vulnerability Management 222
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 222
Foundation Topics 223
The Vocabulary of Risk 223
Vulnerabilities 224
The Vulnerability Management Lifecycle 225
Active and Passive Scanning 228
Port Scanning 229
Risk 229
Risk Prioritization 230
Risk Ranks and Levels 230
Data Types and Classification 231
Security Assessments 233
Risk Management 234
Risk Management Strategies 234
Summary 237
Exam Preparation Tasks 238
Review All Key Topics 238
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 238
Define Key Terms 238
Review Questions 238
CHAPTER 13
Threat Intelligence 240
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 240
Foundation Topics 242
Threat Intelligence 242
Vulnerabilities Databases and Feeds 242
Pros and Cons of Vulnerability Databases 243
CVE and CVSS 244
Vulnerability Scanning and Assessment Tools 245
Additional Sources of Threat Intelligence 245
Reports and News 245
Reports 246
News 247
Collective, Ad Hoc, and Automated Intelligence 247
STIX and TAXII 248
STIX 248
TAXII 250
How and Why to Proactively Share Threat Intelligence 250
Summary 251
Exam Preparation Tasks 252
Review All Key Topics 252
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 252
Define Key Terms 252
Review Questions 253
CHAPTER 14
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity 254
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 254
Foundation Topics 256
Disaster Recovery Plans 256
Disasters 256
Disaster Recovery Controls 258
Backups 259
Business Impact Analyses (BIAs) 261
Recovery Time Objectives 262
Recovery Point Objectives 262
Business Continuity Plans 262
Disaster Recovery Versus Business Continuity 263
Summary 264
Exam Preparation Tasks 265
Review All Key Topics 265
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 266
Define Key Terms 266
Review Questions 266
CHAPTER 15
Incident Handling 268
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 268
Foundation Topics 270
Events and Incidents 270
Incident Response 270
Preparation 270
Team 271
Tools 271
Training and SOPs 272
Reporting and Notification Requirements 272
Detection and Analysis 273
Containment, Eradication, and Recovery 274
Post-Incident Activities 274
Digital Forensics and Incident Response 275
Attack Frameworks and Concepts 275
Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain 275
MITRE ATT&CK 276
Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis 276
Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures 277
Evidence and Artifacts 278
Sources and Volatility 278
Preservation and Chain of Custody 279
Compliance Frameworks 280
GDPR 280
HIPAA 280
PCI-DSS 280
FERPA 280
FISMA 281
Comparing Regulatory Frameworks 281
Summary 281
Exam Preparation Tasks 282
Review All Key Topics 282
Complete Tables and Lists from Memory 283
Define Key Terms 283
Review Questions 283
PART IV CCST CYBERSECURITY PREPARATION
CHAPTER 16
Final Preparation 286
Tools and Resources 286
Study Tips 287
Summary 287
CHAPTER 17
Cisco Certified Support Technician (CCST) Cybersecurity 100-160 Official Cert Guide
Exam Updates 288
The Purpose of This Chapter 288
About Possible Exam Updates 289
Impact on You and Your Study Plan 289
News About the Next Exam Release 290
Updated Technical Content 290
APPENDIX A
Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Review Questions 292
Glossary 307
ONLINE ELEMENTS
Appendix B Memory Tables
Appendix C Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix D Study Planner
Glossary
