1. Understanding Action Research
2. Ethics
3. Deciding on an Area of Focus
4. Review of Related Literature
5. Data Collection Techniques
6. Data Collection Considerations: Validity, Reliability, and Generalizability
7. Data Analysis and Interpretation
8. Action Planning for Educational Change
9. Writing Up Action Research
10. Evaluating Action Research
Appendix A: Action Research in Action
Appendix B: Standard Deviation and Action Research
Appendix C: Displaying Data Visually